Table 2 Primary and secondary outcomes

Incidence of delirium

15 (75%)

1 (5%)

2 (10%)

< 0.001

Incidence of cognitive dysfunction

7 (35%)

0 (0%)

2 (10%)

= 0.006

Time to 1st postoperative request for analgesia (hours)

2.30 ± 0.9

2.50 ± 0.9

4.10 ± 1.1

< 0.001

 P-value

I vs. II = 0.522

II vs. III < 0.001

I vs. III < 0.001

The total 24-hour nalbuphine consumption (mg)

9.25 ± 1.7

8.40 ± 1.6

6.30 ± 1.4

= 0.006

 P-value

I vs. II = 0.356

II vs. III = 0.025

I vs. III = 0.002

Length of hospital stay (days)

4.55 ± 0.6

5.95 ± 0.5

6.15 ± 0.3

= 0.032

 P-value

I vs. II = 0.034

II vs. III = 0.757

I vs. III = 0.016