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Table 1 Comparison of AR(-) and AR(+) for SPPD, PA, ESPPD, and Time in Test 1

From: Comparison of accuracy between augmented reality/mixed reality techniques and conventional techniques for epidural anesthesia using a practice phantom model kit

 

AR(−)_test1

AR(+)_test1

P value

SPPD [mm]

11.2 ± 4.8

9.1 ± 5.1

0.178

PA [deg]

15.5 ± 3.6

8.5 ± 4.4

< 0.01*

ESPPD [mm]

8.7 (5.7–14.3)

3.5 (1.8–8.0)

0.017*

Time [s]

117.5 (112.0–143.5)

148.0 (139.0–164.8)

0.986

  1. Note: * P < 0.05
  2. SPPD: Surface puncture point distance, PA: Puncture angle, ESPPD: Epidural space puncture point distance