Fig. 1

Epidural Anesthesia Practice Kit and ideal Insertion Model and Hologram Visibility. Remove the pad inside the epidural anesthesia practice kit (a). The epidural needle is inserted at the ideal point (b), and the needle is cut with nippers to create the ideal insertion model (c). An AR marker is attached to the head side of the epidural anesthesia practice kit. HoloLens2Ⓡis set to recognize the AR marker, and a hologram of the ideal insertion model is projected at the same position as the pad in the epidural anesthesia practice kit. The red holographic needle shows the ideal epidural needle insertion path (d). The view of the performer using HoloLens2Ⓡ is shown. The 3D model of the surface puncture point, puncture angle, and epidural space puncture point constructed from CT images and cross-sectioned in Blender 2.83.9 (e). Yellow arrows indicate the surface puncture point, puncture angle, and epidural puncture point