Table 2 Univariate and multivariable analyses of factors associated with remote pain resolution and opioid cessation after surgery
Factors | Pain resolution | Opioid cessation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Univariate HR (95% CI) | p | Multivariable HR (95% CI) | p | Univariate HR (95% CI) | p | Multivariable HR (95% CI) | p | |
Group of worst pain trajectories | ||||||||
Low pain | Referent | Referent | ||||||
High pain | 1.977 (0.978, 3.996) | 0.058 | 1.557 (0.748, 3.243) | 0.237 | 2.756 (1.471, 5.164) | 0.002 | 2.423 (1.254, 4.681) | 0.008 |
Age | 0.976 (0.953, 1.000) | 0.051 | 0.982 (0.957, 1.008) | 0.168 | 0.989 (0.968, 1.011) | 0.342 | ||
Sex, male | 0.968 (0.512, 1.833) | 0.922 | 0.824 (0.472, 1.438) | 0.495 | ||||
BMI | 0.986 (0.897, 1.084) | 0.986 | 0.962 (0.891, 1.038) | 0.315 | ||||
Chronic pain before surgery | 1.099 (0.561, 2.151) | 0.784 | 1.019 (0.566, 1.836) | 0.949 | ||||
Opioids before surgery | 1.234 (0.583, 2.612) | 0.583 | 1.158 (0.610, 2.199) | 0.654 | ||||
Anxiety | 0.952 (0.807, 1.122) | 0.555 | 0.939 (0.818, 1.078) | 0.373 | ||||
Depressed mood | 0.920 (0.644, 1.315) | 0.648 | 0.941 (0.714, 1.240) | 0.664 | ||||
PCS score | 1.001 (0.974, 1.028) | 0.965 | 0.993 (0.967, 1.019) | 0.590 | ||||
Surgery duration | 0.998 (0.994, 1.001) | 0.145 | 0.997 (0.995, 1.000) | 0.044 | 0.998 (0.996, 1.001) | 0.282 | ||
Bleeding | 1.000 (0.999,1.000) | 0.275 | 1.000 (1.000, 1.000) | 0.113 | ||||
Surgery type | ||||||||
Pelvic resection | Referent | Referent | ||||||
Sacrectomy | 1.772 (0.918, 3.421) | 0.088 | 1.577 (0.799, 3.115) | 0.189 | 1.525 (0.847, 2.747) | 0.160 | ||
Major complications | 2.502 (0.886, 7.066) | 0.083 | 0.442 (0.152, 1.289) | 0.135 | 1.593 (0.744, 3.412) | 0.231 | ||