Table 4 Comparison of median changes in HADS over time in the three intervention groups

2-24h

6 (2.5–8.5) ^*

8 (7–10)

9 (5.5–11)

0.007

2-6h

4 (1–5) ^**

5 (4–6)

6 (4–7)

0.017

6-24h

2 (1-3.5)

3 (2–4)

4 (0.5–4.5)

0.228

Changes in scores are reported as median (IQR).

*: Melatonin is different with dexmedetomidine (P = 0.04) and gabapentin (P = 0.01).

**: Melatonin is different with gabapentin (P = 0.025)