Table 1 Characteristics of parturient women included in the study
Period 1 | Period 2 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
n = 178 | n = 188 | ||
Age, years | 31.6 (29.0–35.0) | 32.2 (28.1–35.2) | 0.65 |
Gravida | 2 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 0.21 |
Parity | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0.83 |
Multipara, n (%) | 86 (48%) | 88 (47%) | 0.83 |
Previous epidural analgesia in multiparous women, n (%) | 72 (84%) | 79 (90%) | 0.27 |
Satisfaction of previous epidural analgesia, yes/no | 61/11 | 61/18 | 0.30 |
Socio-professional grade, n (%) | |||
Non-working | 44 (25%) | 56 (30%) | |
Students | 9 (5%) | 8 (4%) | |
Workers | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
Employees | 49 (27%) | 50 (27%) | 0.92 |
Craftsman, merchant, self-employed | 12 (7%) | 11 (6%) | |
Middle class, intermediate profession | 41 (23%) | 38 (20%) | |
Upper Class | 23 (13%) | 25 (13%) | |
Childbirth preparation classes following, n (%) | 86 (48%) | 84 (45%) | 0.53 |
Pre-eclampsia | 7 (4%) | 4 (2%) | 0.37 |
Twin pregnancy | 2 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 0.24 |
Preterm birth | 4 (2%) | 4 (2%) | 0.99 |
Complicated vaginal delivery | |||
Instrumental vaginal delivery | 26 (15%) | 28 (15%) | 0.99 |
Episiotomy | 26 (15%) | 16 (9%) | 0.07 |
Perineal tear | 74 (42%) | 102 (54%) | 0.02 |
Manual uterine exploration | 16 (9%) | 19 (10%) | 0.73 |
Conversion to caesarean section | 37 (21%) | 30 (16%) | 0.28 |
Post-partum hemorrhage | |||
Immediate | 8 (4%) | 10 (5%) | 0.83 |
Delayed | 2 (1%) | 2 (1%) | |
Fetal distress during delivery | |||
Fetal heart rate abnormalities | 35 (20%) | 41 (22%) | 0.70 |
Meconium-stained amniotic fluid | 23 (13%) | 22 (12%) | 0.75 |
New-born resuscitation | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | - |