Table 1 Patient demographical data (n = 996)
Characteristics | n (%) or mean ± SD |
|---|---|
Age (years, mean) | 50.9 ± 15.6 |
Age groups (years) | |
 0–40 | 262 (26.3%) |
  > 40 | 734 (73.7%) |
Gender | |
 Male | 507 (50.9%) |
 Female | 489 (49.1%) |
 Body mass index (kg/cm2, mean) | 25.8 ± 5.5 |
Body mass index (kg/cm2) | |
  < 18.5 | 41(4.1%) |
 18.5 ~ 24.9 | 439 (44.1%) |
  > 24.9 | 516 (51.8%) |
Educational levels | |
 Illiteracy | 41 (4.1%) |
  < College or high school | 634 (63.7%) |
  ≥ University | 321 (32.2%) |
 Depression (yes) | 105 (10.5%) |
 Surgical history (yes) | 736 (73.9%) |
 Mean anticipated NRS | 4.9 ± 2.6 |
 Anticipated moderate-to-severe pain (NRS ≥4) | 708 (71.7%) |
Types of anesthesia | |
 General anesthesia | 857(86.0%) |
 Regional anesthesia | 139(14.0%) |
ASA physical status | |
 I-II | 831(83.4%) |
 III-V | 165(16.6%) |
Types of surgery with different expected paina | |
 Lowest expected pain | 108 (10.8%) |
 Low expected pain | 167 (16.8%) |
 Moderate expected pain | 98 (9.8%) |
 High expected pain | 309 (31.0%) |
 Highest expected pain | 314 (31.5%) |