Skip to main content
Download PDF

Effects of preoperative plasma exchange therapy with albumin replacement fluid on blood coagulation in patients undergoing ABO-incompatible living-donor kidney transplantation using rotational thromboelastometry

BMC Anesthesiology volume 18, Article number: 68 (2018) Cite this article

Abstract

Background

ABO-incompatible living-donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) requires immunotherapy and plasma exchange therapy (PEX). PEX with albumin replacement fluid reportedly decreases fibrinogen levels. However, no reports have described the effects of PEX with albumin replacement fluid on blood coagulation parameters and blood loss during the perioperative period. Therefore, we investigated the effects of preoperative PEX on blood coagulation parameters and blood loss during the perioperative period in patients undergoing ABO-incompatible LDKT as measured by rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM®).

Methods

Twenty-eight patients undergoing LDKT were divided into the PEX group (ABO incompatible with PEX, n = 13) and non-PEX group (ABO compatible without PEX, n = 15). ROTEM® parameters, standard laboratory test parameters, bleeding volume, and transfusion volume were compared between PEX and non-PEX group. MCEplatelet, which represents platelet contribution to clot strength and where “MCE” stands for maximum clot elasticity, was calculated from the difference in MCE between EXTEM and FIBTEM.

Results

The bleeding volume during surgery and the intensive care unit (ICU) stay was significantly higher in the PEX than non-PEX group (p < 0.01). Maximum clot firmness (MCF) of EXTEM (MCFEXTEM), MCFFIBTEM, and MCEplatelet was significantly lower in the PEX than non-PEX group (p < 0.01). In the PEX group, the bleeding volume during surgery was very strongly correlated with the baseline MCFEXTEM and MCEplatelet, and the bleeding volume during the ICU stay was strongly correlated with the postoperative MCFEXTEM and MCEplatelet.

Conclusions

These results suggest that the increased blood loss in the PEX group during surgery and the ICU stay was associated with decreased platelet contribution to clot strength as measured by ROTEM®.

Trial registration

UMIN-Clinical Trial Registry UMIN000018355. Registered 21 July 2015.

Peer Review reports

Background

Living-donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) is a kidney replacement therapy performed to treat various end-stage kidney diseases. The performance of ABO-incompatible LDKT has recently increased because of the long waiting times for deceased-donor kidney transplantation. Plasma exchange therapy (PEX) is performed to prevent hyperacute rejection across the ABO antibody barrier before surgery [1]. PEX removes plasma proteins from the circulation, and the recipient plasma is replaced by albumin, fresh-frozen plasma (FFP), or a combination of both. To minimize the risk of viral transmission and/or anaphylactic reaction, 5% albumin is widely used as a replacement fluid during PEX [2]. Because coagulation factors are removed, the risk of coagulopathy is increased after PEX, especially when albumin replacement fluid is used. PEX with albumin replacement fluid reportedly leads to prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time, and to increasing international normalized ration [3]. Fluid management during renal transplantation mostly involves maintaining a sufficient intravascular volume and renal perfusion pressure. Large amount volume management is therefore recommended to ensure adequate kidney perfusion and stimulate urine production [4,5,6]. However, this fluid management regimen results in hemodilution, which might accelerate coagulopathy in patients undergoing ABO-incompatible LDKT with PEX performed with albumin replacement fluid [7]. Nonetheless, the coagulation changes that occur during ABO-incompatible LDKT with PEX performed using albumin replacement fluid remain unknown.

Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM®; TEM International GmbH, Munich, Germany) enables point-of-care coagulation monitoring device of viscoelastic clot strength in whole blood. ROTEM® was recently introduced to guide the transfusion of hemostatic blood components in the operating room, thus reducing blood transfusion and associated hospitalization costs [8,9,10,11]. Tholking et al. [3]. reported that PEX significantly altered the ROTEM® data regarding dilutional changes in coagulation parameters. However, they did not show whether these changes were associated with increased blood loss or caused increased rates of transfusion. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the association of routine laboratory test parameters and ROTEM® variables with blood loss during and after ABO-incompatible LDKT with PEX performed using albumin replacement fluid.

Methods

Ethical considerations

The study protocol was approved by the institutional clinical research ethics committee (IRB: Clinical Research number #26–286, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan) and registered at UMIN-CTR (UMIN000018355). This study complied with the declaration of Helsinki (2013).

This was an observational study of patients who underwent LDKT at our university hospital from October 2014 to March 2015. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in this study. Patients with blood diseases and those undergoing anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet therapy were excluded. As a result, 28 patients were included in this analysis. The patients were divided into two groups: ABO compatible group without PEX (non-PEX group) and ABO incompatible group with albumin (PEX group). Between both group, some clinical examinations were compared.

PEX

According to the standard protocol of our center, a venous dialysis catheter was inserted into the arteriovenous shunt or cubital vein prior to the first PEX session. PEX was performed using a membrane plasma separator (Plasmacure™ PE; Kawasumi Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan). All patients were treated with 1.5 to 2.0 L of 5% albumin (0.4–1.0 plasma volume) per session at an interval of 1 to 2 days. The last PEX session was uniformly performed the day before surgery in all patients. However, for patients whose fibrinogen levels were less than 180 to 200 mg/dl before PEX, FFP in addition to 5% albumin was used (Additional file 1). The number of PEX treatments required in the PEX group depended on the antibody levels (titer of < 1:32).

Procedures

Anesthesia was induced by the intravenous administration of propofol and fentanyl. Rocuronium was administered to facilitate tracheal intubation. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane (1.0–1.5%) in an air/oxygen mixture with continuous remifentanil infusion and intermittent bolus infusion of fentanyl and rocuronium. Each patient’s electrocardiogram, oxygen saturation, and invasive arterial pressure and central venous pressure were monitored intraoperatively. Postoperative analgesia involved intravenous fentanyl infusion and infiltration of local anesthetics into the surgical sites.

Normal saline and human albumin 5% were infused to maintain the CVP at target 15 mmHg. RBC was infused to maintain the hemoglobin concentration above 7 g/dL. We administered FFP during surgery when preoperative plasm fibrinogen level was below 200 mg/dL. To maintain the CVP, 5% albumin and FFP were mainly administered in the non-PEX or PEX group, respectively.

ROTEM® measurement data

Thromboelastometric measurements were performed on the quad-channel ROTEM Coagulation Analyzer. The results of ROTEM® were obtained from EXTEM and FIBTEM before surgery (baseline) and just after surgery in 13 patients in the PEX group and 15 patients in the non-PEX group. The run time of ROTEM® analysis was 60 min. Specifically, the maximum clot firmness (MCF), clot formation time, alpha angle, and clotting time of EXTEM and the MCF of FIBTEM were measured. EXTEM is regarded as the extrinsic coagulation system. For FIBTEM, cytochalasin D is added to inhibit conformational changes of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors [12]. Thus, fibrin polymerization can be specifically evaluated in the absence of attachment to platelets, and the clot strength based on fibrinogen alone can be evaluated [12, 13].

The “platelet component” of clot strength is expressed as the difference in clot strength between EXTEM and FIBTEM, as previously reported for platelet IIb/IIIa inhibitors [13,14,15,16]. and is calculated as follows (where “MCE” stands for maximum clot elasticity): MCEplatelet = MCEEXTEM − MCEFIBTEM. The MCE was calculated as follows: MCE = (MCF *100) / (100 − MCF) [14].

Hemostasis parameters and infusion measurement

Fibrinogen and platelets were compared between the two groups before surgery (baseline) and just after surgery. The prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (PT-INR) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were also compared between the two groups before surgery (baseline) and after surgery.

The amounts of perioperative fluid, including red blood cells, FFP, and 5% albumin, were also compared between the two groups.

Statistical analysis

Power analysis (α = 0.05, β = 0.20) indicated that a subject sample size was sufficient (actual power: 0.95) for detecting a significant difference in bleeding during or after surgery between the PEX and non-PEX groups, using data collected in a post-study analysis. F test was performed to check whether comparing data in this study were normally distributed. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation except for transfusion or bleeding data, which are presented as median [interquartile range] or ratio (Tables 1 and 2). Sidak’s multiple-comparison post hoc test was utilized for two-way analysis of variance. An unpaired t-test or unpaired t-test with Welch’s correction was used to detect differences in basic characteristics, clotting factors, and volume balance within groups. The relationship between ROTEM variables and the amount of bleeding during the perioperative period were determined using Pearson correlation coefficients within groups. Interpretation of size of correlation coefficient was defined as very strong: 0.9–1.0, strong: 0.7–0.9, moderate: 0.5–0.7, weak: 0.3–0.5, negligible: 0–0.3 [17].

Table 1 Basic demographic and clinical characteristics and coagulation factors of patients before PEX therapy
Full size table
Table 2 Comparison of coagulation factors between baseline and after surgery
Full size table

The Mann–Whitney test or Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the basic parameters between the two groups. All statistical analyses were performed using Prism 6 software (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA, USA), with p-values of < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results

Patient characteristics

Twenty-eight patients were enrolled in this study. Thirteen ABO-incompatible patients (PEX group) required preoperative PEX to remove anti-A or -B antibodies. The patient characteristics are shown in Table 1. There were no significant differences in the platelet count, fibrinogen level, hemoglobin concentration, or hematocrit between the two groups (Table 1).

Changes in laboratory test parameters

Laboratory tests were performed before surgery (baseline) and immediately after surgery (postoperatively). The mean APTT was not significantly different between the two groups (Table 2). In the non-PEX group, the mean APTT was significantly higher postoperatively than at baseline (p = 0.008). In the PEX group, the mean APTT was not significantly different between baseline and postoperatively.

The mean PT-INR at baseline was not significantly different between the two groups. The mean postoperative PT-INR was significantly higher in the non-PEX than PEX group (p = 0.040) (Table 2). In the PEX group, the mean PT-INR was not significantly different between baseline and postoperatively. In the non-PEX group, the mean PT-INR was significantly higher postoperatively than at baseline (p < 0.0001).

The mean platelet count was significantly lower in the PEX than non-PEX group. A baseline platelet count of < 100 ×  103/μl was found in 8% of patients in the PEX group. Neither group showed a significant difference in the mean platelet count between baseline and postoperatively.

The mean fibrinogen level was significantly lower in the PEX than non-PEX group (Table 2). In the PEX group, a fibrinogen level of < 150 mg/dl was found in 50% of patients at baseline and 12% of patients postoperatively. The mean number of PEX therapy was 2.85 ± 0.99 (Additional file 1). In the PEX group, the mean fibrinogen level was not significantly different between baseline and postoperatively. In the non-PEX group, the fibrinogen level was significantly lower postoperatively than at baseline.

Comparison of ROTEM® parameters

ROTEM® parameters were measured at baseline and postoperatively. The MCFEXTEM was significantly lower in the PEX than non-PEX group (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1
figure 1

MCF and clotting time of EXTEM in the PEX group (red circles) and non-PEX group (blue circles). Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Sidak’s multiple-comparison post hoc test was utilized for two-way analysis of variance. ***p < 0.001

Full size image

In the PEX group, MCFEXTEM values of < 50 mm were found in 50% of patients at baseline and 42% of patients postoperatively. There were no significant differences in the clotting time of EXTEM between the two groups (Fig. 1). MCFFIBTEM and MCEplatelet were significantly lower in the PEX than non-PEX group (Fig. 2). MCFFIBTEM values below reference range were found in 67% of patients in the PEX group.

Fig. 2
figure 2

MCE of FIBTEM and the difference in the MCE between EXTEM and FIBTEM in the PEX group (n = 13, red circles) and non-PEX group (n = 15, blue circles). Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Sidak’s multiple-comparison post hoc test was utilized for two-way analysis of variance. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

Full size image

Fluid balance

The FFP transfusion volume during surgery was 1200 [1200] ml in the PEX group and 0 [0] ml in the non-PEX group (p < 0.0001). The 5% albumin transfusion volume during surgery was 1250 [1005] ml in the PEX group and 200 [350] ml in the non-PEX group (p = 0.03). The blood loss volume during surgery was 400 [546.5] g in the PEX group and 168 [98] g in the non-PEX group (p = 0.011). The blood loss volume during the intensive care unit (ICU) stay was 200 [271.5] g in the PEX group and 0 [95] g in the non-PEX group (p < 0.0001). No patient received platelet concentrate and cryoprecipitate during surgery.

Correlation between ROTEM parameters and perioperative blood loss

In the PEX group, the bleeding volume during surgery was very strongly correlated with the baseline MCFEXTEM and MCEplatelet but had no correlations with the baseline MCFFIBTEM, fibrinogen level, and platelet count. The blood loss volume during the ICU stay was strongly correlated with the postoperative MCFEXTEM and MCEplatelet but had no correlations with the postoperative MCFFIBTEM, fibrinogen level, or platelet count (Table 3).

Table 3 Correlation between bleeding volume and ROTEM parameters in each group
Full size table

In the non-PEX group, the bleeding volume during surgery had no correlations with the baseline MCFEXTEM, MCEplatelet and fibrinogen level, and had moderate correlations with MCFFIBTEM and platelet count. The blood loss volume during the ICU stay had strong or moderate correlations with the postoperative MCFEXTEM, MCEplatelet and MCFFIBTEM,and no correlations with the postoperative fibrinogen level and platelet count (Table 3).

Correlation between PEX sessions and clotting ability

In the PEX group, PEX therapy times had negligible correlation with the fibrinogen levels (r = 0.11, p = 0.71), MCEplatelet (r = 0.29, p = 0.36) and MCEFIBTEM (r = 0.29, p = 0.36) before surgery (Table 4).

Table 4 Correlation between REX session times and clotting ability
Full size table

Discussion

In the present study, the bleeding volume during surgery and the ICU stay was significantly higher in the PEX than non-PEX group. In the PEX group, the bleeding volume during surgery and the ICU stay had a very strong or strong correlation with the MCFEXTEM and MCEplatelet. These results suggest that increased blood loss in the PEX group during surgery and the ICU stay was associated with decreased platelet function.

The plasma fibrinogen level significantly decreased after the performance of PEX with albumin replacement fluid, although there were no significant changes in the mean PT-INR and APTT. A previous study showed a prolonged PT and APTT and a reduced plasma fibrinogen level immediately after PEX performed with albumin replacement fluid because of significant loss of coagulation factors [3]. Recovery of PT and APTT takes 24 h, and recovery of fibrinogen takes about 72 h [18, 19]. In the present study, the last PEX session was performed until the day before previous surgery; thus, we consider that the mean PT-INR and APTT returned to baseline in the PEX group.

In the present study, the bleeding volume was significantly higher in the PEX than non-PEX group during both surgery and the ICU stay. There were no significant correlations between the bleeding volume and standard coagulation parameters. Standard coagulation parameters did not predict an increased bleeding volume in the PEX group, as previously described [20].

The clotting time in both groups was within the normal range. This suggests that the initial fibrin formation following thrombin generation was not disturbed in either group. The prolonged clot formation time and reduced alpha angle in the PEX group indicate that initial rate of fibrin polymerization was lower in the PEX than non-PEX group (Additional file 1). These results coincide with a previous study that examined the effects of PEX with albumin replacement fluid on hemostasis using ROTEM® [3].

Because PEX with albumin replacement fluid directly affects the blood coagulation system, there is concern that this treatment will increase the bleeding volume during surgery. The maximum clot firmness (MCF) is usually used to evaluate clot strength, but MCF does not reflect the actual physical properties of clot strength [14]. Unlike firmness, elasticity may be considered a reflection of the force with which the blood clot resists rotation within the device. It is important that the calculation of platelet component be performed using elasticity as opposed to clot firmness because of the nonlinear relationship between clot firmness and elasticity [21, 22]. Specifically, MCE reflects changes in platelet count. However, MCF sometimes remains unchanged in spite of increase in platelet count. Therefore, MCE is appropriate for calculating the platelet component of clot strength.

MCFEXTEM and MCEplatelet were reduced in the PEX group of the present study. The bleeding volume during surgery and the ICU stay in this group had a very strong or strong correlation with MCFEXTEM and MCEplatelet. MCFEXTEM represents the maximal viscoelastic strength of a clot. The MCF is associated with the fibrinogen concentration and platelet function and count [23]. Platelet counts of < 50,000/μL decrease the MCFEXTEM [14]. Although the platelet counts were lower in the PEX than non-PEX group, all platelet counts in the PEX group were > 100 × 103/μl. Furthermore, there was no significant correlation between the bleeding volume and platelet count in the PEX group.

MCEplatelet, which indicates the difference in MCE between EXTEM and FIBTEM, reflects the whole blood platelet function [13,14,15,16, 24]. FIBTEM is influenced mainly by fibrinogen and factor XIII in a blood sample and by fibrin polymerization disorders. The reagent of FIBTEM contains a powerful platelet inhibitor; thus, FIBTEM indicates only fibrin clot formation. The difference in MCE between EXTEM and FIBTEM therefore indicates the contribution of platelet to the clot firmness [13,14,15,16, 24]. A very strong correlation was present between MCFEXTEM and MCEplatelet in the PEX group; however, we observed no significant correlation between MCFEXTEM and the fibrinogen level or MCFFIBTEM in this group (Additional file 1). These results suggest that MCFEXTEM was associated with MCEplatelet rather than the fibrinogen level in the PEX group. Previous study reported that platelet aggregation was significantly impaired during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) [25,26,27,28]. They supposed that direct contact of platelets with CPB circuit induces some changes in the expression of molecules involved in adhesion and aggregation or signaling pathway. However, it has not been clarified for the changes of platelet function after plasma exchange therapy. Then, further research is needed for this concern.

Despite almost patient during PEX series was administrated FFP in addition to albumin (Additional file 1), PEX performed with albumin replacement fluid resulted in lower preoperative fibrinogen levels in the PEX group and fibrinogen levels of < 150 mg/dl were observed in 50% of patients in the PEX group. The prolonged clot formation time and reduced clot firmness in the PEX group indicated abnormal clot formation (Additional file 1). The reduced fibrinogen level might have been responsible for the prolonged clot formation time and reduced clot firmness in the PEX group.

MCFFIBTEM is correlated with the plasma fibrinogen level during surgery and the ICU stay. MCFFIBTEM was lower in the PEX than non-PEX group. A low plasma fibrinogen level has been shown to be a risk factor for perioperative bleeding [29]. However, we found no significant correlation between the bleeding volume and MCFFIBTEM or fibrinogen level during surgery and the ICU stay. These results suggest that decreased platelet function rather than fibrin-based clot firmness might have been responsible for the bleeding volume during surgery and the ICU stay in the PEX group.

Conclusions

In the present study, the bleeding volume was higher in the PEX than non-PEX group. This might have been mainly because of the low platelet level and function caused by PEX. Thus, the difference in MCE between EXTEM and FIBTEM might be a more reliable index of coagulability than fibrinogen levels in patients undergoing ABO-incompatible LDKT with PEX performed with albumin replacement fluid. We should consider administration of platelet components in patients undergoing ABO-incompatible LDKT with PEX when the difference in clot strength between EXTEM and FIBTEM is decreased in spite of normal platelet counts.

Abbreviations

APTT:

activated partial thromboplastin time

FFP:

fresh frozen plasma

ICU:

intensive care unit

LDKT:

living-donor kidney transplantation

MCE:

maximum clot elasticity

MCF:

maximum clot firmness

PEX:

plasma exchange therapy

PT:

prothrombin time

ROTEM:

rotational thromboelastometry

References

  1. Yoo S, Lee EY, Huh KH, Kim MS, Kim YS, Kim HO. Role of plasma exchange in ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation. Ann Lab Med. 2012;32(4):283–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Shemin D, Briggs D, Greenan M. Complications of therapeutic plasma exchange: a prospective study of 1,727 procedures. J Clin Apher. 2007;22(5):270–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Tholking G, Mesters R, Dittrich R, Pavenstadt H, Kumpers P, Reuter S. Assessment of hemostasis after plasma exchange using rotational Thrombelastometry (ROTEM). PLoS One. 2015;10(6):e0130402.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Higashi M, Yamaura K, Ikeda M, Shimauchi T, Saiki H, Hoka S. Diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle is associated with pulmonary edema after renal transplantation. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2013;57(9):1154–60.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. De Gasperi A, Narcisi S, Mazza E, Bettinelli L, Pavani M, Perrone L, Grugni C, Corti A. Perioperative fluid management in kidney transplantation: is volume overload still mandatory for graft function? Transplant Proc. 2006;38(3):807–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Schnuelle P, Johannes van der Woude F. Perioperative fluid management in renal transplantation: a narrative review of the literature. Transpl Int. 2006;19(12):947–59.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Fenger-Eriksen C, Moore GW, Rangarajan S, Ingerslev J, Sorensen B. Fibrinogen estimates are influenced by methods of measurement and hemodilution with colloid plasma expanders. Transfusion. 2010;50(12):2571–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Wikkelsoe AJ, Afshari A, Wetterslev J, Brok J, Moeller AM. Monitoring patients at risk of massive transfusion with Thrombelastography or Thromboelastometry: a systematic review. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2011;55(10):1174–89.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Rahe-Meyer N, Solomon C, Winterhalter M, Piepenbrock S, Tanaka K, Haverich A, Pichlmaier M. Thromboelastometry-guided administration of fibrinogen concentrate for the treatment of excessive intraoperative bleeding in thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2009;138(3):694–702.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Johansson PI, Ostrowski SR, Secher NH. Management of major blood loss: an update. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2010;54(9):1039–49.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Spalding GJ, Hartrumpf M, Sierig T, Oesberg N, Kirschke CG, Albes JM. Cost reduction of perioperative coagulation management in cardiac surgery: value of “bedside” thrombelastography (ROTEM). Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2007;31(6):1052–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Lang T, Toller W, Gutl M, Mahla E, Metzler H, Rehak P, Marz W, Halwachs-Baumann G. Different effects of abciximab and cytochalasin D on clot strength in thrombelastography. J Thromb Haemost. 2004;2(1):147–53.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Nielsen VG, Geary BT, Baird MS. Evaluation of the contribution of platelets to clot strength by thromboelastography in rabbits: the role of tissue factor and cytochalasin D. Anesth Analg. 2000;91(1):35–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Lang T, Johanning K, Metzler H, Piepenbrock S, Solomon C, Rahe-Meyer N, Tanaka KA. The effects of fibrinogen levels on thromboelastometric variables in the presence of thrombocytopenia. Anesth Analg. 2009;108(3):751–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Khurana S, Mattson JC, Westley S, O'Neill WW, Timmis GC, Safian RD. Monitoring platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa-fibrin interaction with tissue factor-activated thromboelastography. J Lab Clin Med. 1997;130(4):401–11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Kettner SC, Panzer OP, Kozek SA, Seibt FA, Stoiser B, Kofler J, Locker GJ, Zimpfer M. Use of abciximab-modified thrombelastography in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg. 1999;89(3):580–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Mukaka MM. Statistics corner: a guide to appropriate use of correlation coefficient in medical research. Malawi Med J. 2012;24(3):69–71.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Asselta R, Duga S, Tenchini ML. The molecular basis of quantitative fibrinogen disorders. J Thromb Haemost. 2006;4(10):2115–29.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Mannucci PM, Duga S, Peyvandi F. Recessively inherited coagulation disorders. Blood. 2004;104(5):1243–52.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Murray DJ, Olson J, Strauss R, Tinker JH. Coagulation changes during packed red cell replacement of major blood loss. Anesthesiology. 1988;69(6):839–45.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Solomon C, Ranucci M, Hochleitner G, Schochl H, Schlimp CJ. Assessing the methodology for calculating platelet contribution to clot strength (platelet component) in Thromboelastometry and Thrombelastography. Anesth Analg. 2015;121(4):868–78.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Solomon C, Schochl H, Ranucci M, Schott U, Schlimp CJ. Comparison of fibrin-based clot elasticity parameters measured by free oscillation rheometry (ReoRox (R)) versus thromboelastometry (ROTEM (R)). Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2015;75(3):239–46.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Blasi A, Beltran J, Pereira A, Martinez-Palli G, Torrents A, Balust J, Zavala E, Taura P, Garcia-Valdecasas JC. An assessment of thromboelastometry to monitor blood coagulation and guide transfusion support in liver transplantation. Transfusion. 2012;52(9):1989–98.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Solomon C, Rahe-Meyer N, Sorensen B. Fibrin formation is more impaired than thrombin generation and platelets immediately following cardiac surgery. Thromb Res. 2011;128(3):277–82.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Forestier F, Coiffic A, Mouton C, Ekouevi D, Chene G, Janvier G. Platelet function point-of-care tests in post-bypass cardiac surgery: are they relevant? Br J Anaesth. 2002;89(5):715–21.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Mishra PK, Thekkudan J, Sahajanandan R, Gravenor M, Lakshmanan S, Fayaz KM, Luckraz H. The role of point-of-care assessment of platelet function in predicting postoperative bleeding and transfusion requirements after coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann Card Anaesth. 2015;18(1):45–51.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Romlin BS, Soderlund F, Wahlander H, Hallhagen S, Wessman C, Baghaei F, Jeppsson A. Perioperative monitoring of platelet function in paediatric cardiac surgery by thromboelastometry, or platelet aggregometry? Br J Anaesth. 2016;116(6):822–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Khalaf Adeli E, Mostafa Alavi S, Alizadeh-Ghavidel A, Bakhshandeh-Abkenar H, Pourfathollah AA. Perioperative changes in platelet count and function in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2017;31:37.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Levy JH, Szlam F, Tanaka KA, Sniecienski RM. Fibrinogen and hemostasis: a primary hemostatic target for the management of acquired bleeding. Anesth Analg. 2012;114(2):261–74.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We appreciate the contribution of the colleagues who participated in the research.

Availability of data and materials

The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan

    Kazuhiro Shirozu & Mizuko Ikeda

  2. Department of Anesthesiology, St. Mary’s Hospital, Kurume, Japan

    Naoyuki Fujimura

  3. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

    Yuji Karashima & Sumio Hoka

  4. Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

    Hidehisa Kitada, Yasuhiro Okabe & Kei Kurihara

  5. Center for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan

    Tomoko Henzan

Authors
  1. Kazuhiro Shirozu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Naoyuki Fujimura
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yuji Karashima
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mizuko Ikeda
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Hidehisa Kitada
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Yasuhiro Okabe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Kei Kurihara
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Tomoko Henzan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Sumio Hoka
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

KS, NF, and YK made substantial contributions to the study conception and design; KS, KK, MI, KT, TH, YO, and HK made substantial contributions to the acquisition of data or analysis and interpretation of data; and KS, YK, and SH were involved in drafting the manuscript or revising it carefully for intellectual content. All authors gave final approval of the version to be published.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kazuhiro Shirozu.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate

The study protocol was approved by the institutional clinical research ethics committee (IRB: Clinical Research number #26–286, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan) and registered at UMIN-CTR (UMIN000018355). Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in this study.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Additional file

Additional file 1:

Table S1. Breakdown of replaced plasma volume during PEX. Table S2. Correlation between bleeding volume and ROTEM parameters. Table S3. Correlation between MCFEXTEM and ROTEM parameters. (DOCX 25 kb)

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Shirozu, K., Fujimura, N., Karashima, Y. et al. Effects of preoperative plasma exchange therapy with albumin replacement fluid on blood coagulation in patients undergoing ABO-incompatible living-donor kidney transplantation using rotational thromboelastometry. BMC Anesthesiol 18, 68 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12871-018-0536-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12871-018-0536-2

Keywords

BMC Anesthesiology

ISSN: 1471-2253

Contact us