Dexmedetomidine versus remifentanil for sedation during awake intubation using a Shikani optical stylet: a randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial

Table 4 Adverse events during airway management

Adverse event	D	R	P-value
Hypotension	3 (8.8)	1 (2.9)	0.303
Hypertension	3 (8.8)	6 (17.6)	0.283
Tachycardia	7 (20.6)	9 (26.5)	0.567
Bradycardia	2 (5.9)	0 (0)	0.151
Hypoxia	2 (5.9)	9 (26.5)	0.021
Loosening of teeth	0 (0)	0 (0)	1.000
Injury to lip or oral mucosa	0 (0)	0 (0)	1.000
Postoperative sore throat	16 (47.1)	18 (52.9)	0.628
Hoarseness	2 (5.9)	2 (5.9)	1.000

Data are given as number (proportion, %). Baseline values of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂) were used to define adverse events. Hypotension was defined as SBP <80 mmHg, DBP <50 mmHg or SBP decreased ≤30 % below baseline values. Hypertension was defined as SBP >180 mmHg, DBP >100 mmHg or an SBP increased ≥30 % higher than baseline values. Bradycardia was defined as HR <45 min⁻¹ or a decrease to ≤30 % below baseline. Tachycardia was defined as HR >120 min⁻¹ or an increased ≥30 % higher than baseline values. Hypoxia was defined as SpO₂ ≤ 90 % or a decrease by ≥10 % of the baseline saturation

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