Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies
From: Effects of remote ischemic preconditioning in hepatectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Author | Year | Country | Number | Age (years) | Gender (M / F) | Preconditioning (Limb, cycle, pressure) | Primary outcomes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RIPC | Control | RIPC | Control | RIPC | Control | |||||
Kanoria [25] | 2017 | UK | 8 | 8 | 58–77 | 66–74 | 7/1 | 6/2 | Right upper thigh, 3 × 10 /10 min, twice the measured systolic arterial pressure | ALT and AST levers on POD 1, and ICG clearance at immediately post-resection |
Rakić [14] | 2018 | Croatia | 20 | 20 | 63.8 (48–79) | 59.4%/40.6% | Right upper limb, 3 × 5 /5 min, 200 mmHg | Liver synthetic function | ||
Liu [24] | 2019 | China | 69 | 67 | 51.7 ± 10.6 | 52.1 ± 10.9 | 59/10 | 59/8 | Right arm, 3 × 5 /5 min, 225 mmHg | Postoperative peak level of TBIL |
Jung [13] | 2020 | Korea | 75 | 73 | 29 (24, 35) | 28 (25, 35) | 54/21 | 51/22 | Upper arm, 3 × 5 /5 min, 200 mmHg | Liver synthetic function |
Teo [23] | 2020 | Singapore | 24 | 26 | 64 ± 11.2 | 67 ± 8.4 | 20/4 | 19/7 | Upper arm, 4 × 5 /5 min, 200 mmHg (for patients with a SBP ≥175 mmHg, the cuff was inflated to 25 mmHg above SBP) | ALT lever on POD 1 |
Wu [22] | 2020 | China | 34 | 39 | 50.7 ± 9.9 | 49.7 ± 10.4 | 29/5 | 31/8 | Right arm, 3 × 5 /5 min, 200 mmHg | ALT and AST levers on POD 1 |
Qi [21] | 2021 | China | 102 | 106 | 30.2 ± 5.9 | 30.0 ± 5.7 | 37/65 | 38/68 | Right arm, 3 × 5 /5 min, 200 mmHg | Postoperative peak levers of ALT and AST |
Hardt [12] | 2023 | Germany | 51 | 51 | 68.2 ± 12.2 | 62.4 ± 12.7 | 33/18 | 36/15 | Upper arm, 3 × 5 /5 min, 200 mmHg or 50 mmHg above the patient’s SBP | ALT and AST levers on POD 1 |
Kong [19] | 2023 | China | 25 | 27 | 54.48 ± 9.77 | 53.81 ± 12.13 | 16/9 | 17/10 | Right arm, 3 × 5 /5 min, 26 kPa | Liver synthetic function |
Gao [20] | 2023 | China | 20 | 20 | 55.6 ± 4.6 | 57.8 ± 7.2 | 12/8 | 11/9 | Right arm, 3 × 5 /5 min, 200 mmHg | Liver synthetic function |