| Variables | All patients (n = 379) | Early extubation (+) (n = 112) | Early extubation (-) (n = 267) | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Time to extubation(h) | 14.6 ± 18.0 | 7.1 ± 0.6 | 17.7 ± 20.6 | < 0.001 |
Patient characteristics | Male | 160 (42.2%) | 50 (44.6%) | 110 (41.2%) | 0.570 |
 | Age (y) | 56.2 ± 10.9 | 50.4 ± 11.1 | 58.6 ± 9.8 | < 0.001 |
 | BMI | 22.8 ± 3.0 | 23.0 ± 3.0 | 22.7 ± 3.0 | 0.444 |
 | Hypertension | 54 (14.2%) | 16 (14.3%) | 38 (14.2%) | 1.000 |
 | COPD | 35 (9.3%) | 7 (6.3%) | 28 (10.5%) | 0.245 |
 | History of smoking | 99 (26.1%) | 31 (27.7%) | 68 (25.5%) | 0.701 |
 | Diabetes | 24 (6.3%) | 5 (4.5%) | 19 (7.1%) | 0.369 |
Preoperative factors | ASA classification (II/ III/ IV) | 16/ 351/ 12 (4.2%/92.6%/3.2%) | 9/103/0 (8.0%/ 92.0%/0) | 7/248/12 (2.6%/92.9%/4.5%) | 0.004 |
 | EF(%) | 53.5 ± 7.7 | 60.1 ± 5.6 | 50.7 ± 6.7 | < 0.001 |
 | GFR (ml/min*1.73m2) | 71.2 ± 16.4 | 82.1 ± 19.7 | 66.7 ± 12.3 | < 0.001 |
 | Hb (g/L) | 126.5 ± 18.0 | 128.2 ± 16.4 | 125.8 ± 18.5 | 0.223 |
 | PaO2 (mmHg) | 81.1 ± 8.5 | 81.8 ± 7.4 | 80.7 ± 8.9 | 0.209 |
 | PaCO2 (mmHg) | 42.4 ± 5.6 | 43.0 ± 5.7 | 42.1 ± 5.5 | 0.190 |
 | Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | 5.4 ± 1.4 | 5.3 ± 1.0 | 5.5 ± 1.6 | 0.206 |
 | PLT (109/L) | 178.0 ± 62.6 | 176.8 ± 62.3 | 178.4 ± 62.9 | 0.818 |
Intraoperative factors | Mitral valve stenosis classification (none/mild/moderate/severe) | 81/73/95/130 (21.4%/19.3%/25.1%/34.3%) | 38/16/24/34 (33.9%/14.3%/21.4%/30.4%) | 43/57/71/96 (16.1%/21.3%/26.6%/36.0%) | 0.002 |
 | Mitral valve regurgitation classification (none/mild/moderate/severe) | 46/94/110/129 (12.1%/24.8%/29.0%/34.0%) | 19/34/28/31 (17.0%/30.4%/25.0%/27.7%) | 27/60/82/98 (10.1%/22.5%/30.7%/36.7%) | 0.050 |
 | Aortic valve stenosis classification (none/mild/moderate/severe) | 207/46/40/86 (54.6%/12.1%/10.6%/22.7%) | 55/25/7/25 (49.1%/22.3%/6.3%/22.3%) | 152/21/33/61 (56.9%/7.9%/12.4%/22.8%) | < 0.001 |
 | Aortic valve regurgitation classification (none/mild/moderate/severe) | 151/144/54/30 (39.8%/38.0%/14.2%/7.9%) | 55/33/18/6 (49.1%/29.5%/16.1%/5.4%) | 96/111/36/24 (36.0%/41.6%/13.5%/9.0%) | 0.043 |
 | Isolated mitral valve repair | 29 (7.7%) | 11 (9.8%) | 18 (6.7%) | 0.303 |
 | Isolated mitral valve replacement | 298 (78.6%) | 72 (64.3%) | 226 (84.6%) | < 0.001 |
 | Isolated aortic valve replacement | 157 (41.4%) | 39 (34.8%) | 118 (44.2%) | 0.091 |
 | Multiple valve surgery | 105 (27.7%) | 10 (8.9%) | 95 (35.6%) | < 0.001 |
 | Tricuspid valve repair | 285 (75.2%) | 73 (65.2%) | 212 (79.4%) | 0.004 |
 | Maze | 165 (43.5%) | 28 (25.0%) | 137 (51.3%) | < 0.001 |
 | Pacemaker implantation | 91 (24.0%) | 15 (13.4%) | 76 (28.5%) | 0.002 |
 | Ultrafiltration (ml) | 775.4 ± 968.3 | 624.5 ± 831.6 | 838.7 ± 1015.0 | 0.049 |
 | ACC time (min) | 100.7 ± 33.0 | 87.1 ± 26.1 | 106.5 ± 34.0 | < 0.001 |
 | CPB time (min) | 151.4 ± 41.3 | 132.5 ± 32.3 | 159.3 ± 42.1 | < 0.001 |
 | Lowest Hb(g/L) | 71.2 ± 9.9 | 71.6 ± 7.9 | 71.0 ± 10.6 | 0.500 |
 | Highest Lac (mmol/L) | 3.4 ± 1.6 | 2.8 ± 1.0 | 3.7 ± 1.8 | < 0.001 |
 | Highest blood glucose (mmol/L) | 9.8 ± 3.0 | 9.5 ± 2.7 | 9.9 ± 3.2 | 0.219 |
 | Hemorrhage (ml) | 457.0 ± 94.3 | 419.2 ± 59.4 | 472.9 ± 101.5 | < 0.001 |
 | Crystolloid infusion (ml) | 932.3 ± 323.8 | 900.0 ± 298.6 | 945.9 ± 333.4 | 0.209 |
 | Colloid infusion (ml) | 438.8 ± 140.0 | 441.5 ± 128.0 | 437.6 ± 144.8 | 0.806 |
 | VIS | 18.4 ± 7.5 | 13.9 ± 2.2 | 20.3 ± 8.0 | < 0.001 |