Table 2 Sensory-motor block characteristics, analgesia and sedation between the three groups

Time to reach T10 sensory block(min)

4(3–4)

5(4–5)

5(4–5)

 < 0.001^*, < 0.001^**,1.0^#

Time to reach Bromage3(min)

5(4–5)

5(5–6)

6(5.5–7)

 < 0.001^*, < 0.001^**,0.384^#

Total analgesic time(min)

352.13 ± 51.70

273.47 ± 62.57

241.41 ± 59.22

 < 0.001^*, < 0.001^**,0.109^#

Ramsay sedation score

 1 h after anesthesia

2(2–2)

3(3–3)

2(2–2)

 < 0.001^*,0.75^**, < 0.001^#

 2 h after anesthesia

2(2–2)

2.25(2–3)

2(2–2)

 < 0.001^*,1.0^**, < 0.001^#

 1 h after surgery

2(2–2)

2(2–3)

2(2–2)

 < 0.001^*,1.0^**, < 0.001^#

Visual Analogue Scale

 1 h after surgery

0(0–0)

0(0–0)

0(0–0)

0.093

 5 h after surgery

1(0–2)

2.25(2–3)

3(2–3.25)

 < 0.001^*, < 0.001^**,0.681^#

 24 h after surgery

2(1–2)

2(2–3)

3(2–3)

0.066^*, < 0.001^**,0.181^#