Regional anesthesia might reduce recurrence and metastasis rates in adult patients with cancers after surgery: a meta-analysis

Table 2 Subgroup Analyses for cancer recurrence and metastasis

Subgroup	Number	Pooled OR (95%CI)	P-value for heterogeneity and I²	P-value for subgroup difference
Recurrence
Cancer type				0.977
Bladder Cancer	3	0.72 (0.49, 1.05)	0.05 and 66.7%
Breast cancer	6	0.75 (0.53, 1.07)	0.019 and 62.9%
Colorectal cancer	5	0.91 (0.81, 1.02)	0.876 and 0.0%
Gastric/esophageal cancer	3	0.92 (0.60, 1.43)	0.641 and 0.0%
Hepatocellular carcinoma	3	1.47 (0.64, 3.38)	0.002 and 84.2%
Ovarian cancer	2	0.82 (0.49, 1.37)	0.853 and 0.0%
Prostate cancer	7	0.71 (0.51, 0.98)	0.003 and 70.2%
Anesthesia technique				0.428
PVB + GA	3	0.60 (0.34, 1.06)	0.004 and 81.9%
SA	4	0.75 (0.52, 1.08)	0.039 and 64.2%
EA	3	1.14 (0.48, 2.71)	0.005 and 80.9%
EA + GA	14	0.87 (0.79, 0.97)	0.495 and 0.0%
Study design				0.653
Prospective cohort	2	0.71 (0.43, 1.18)	< 0.001 and 93.1%
RCTs	4	0.90 (0.74, 1.09)	0.607 and 0.0%
Retrospective cohort	22	0.82 (0.69, 0.98)	0.001 and 56.8%
Local recurrence
Cancer type				-
Breast cancer	4	0.49 (0.19, 1.26)	0.199 and 35.6%
Anesthesia technique				-
EA + GA	2	0.94 (0.46, 1.91)	0.519 and 0.0%
Study design				-
Retrospective cohort	6	0.78 (0.43, 1.45)	0.053 and 54.3%
Distant metastasis
Cancer type				0.265
Breast cancer	6	0.73 (0.47, 1.11)	0.317 and 15.2%
Colorectal cancer	3	0.96 (0.72, 1.28)	0.311 and 0.0%
Anesthesia technique				0.754
PVB + GA	2	0.67 (0.27, 1.70)	0.361 and 0.0%
EA	2	0.37 (0.01, 19.94)	0.006 and 86.5%
EA + GA	5	0.94 (0.73, 1.20)	0.653 and 0.0%
Study design				0.480
RCTs	8	0.90 (0.69, 1.18)	0.145 and 35.5%
Retrospective cohort	3	0.69 (0.39, 1.22)	0.822 and 0.0%

EA, epidural anesthesia; GA, general anesthesia; PVB, paravertebral block; RCTs, randomized control trials; SA, spinal anesthesia

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