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Table 2 Mean systolic and diastolic pressures and their standard deviations, mean arterial pressure, respiration rate, heart rate, and and arterial oxygen saturation levels before and after the intervention for participation in both the intervention and control groups

From: Effect of protocol-based family visitation on physiological indicators in ICU patients: a randomized controlled trial

Variable

Group

P

Intervention

N(37)

Control

N(41)

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

SBP

Before The Visit

129.1 ± 3.8

132.1 ± 3.2

*0.477

During The Visit

131.1 ± 0.8

132.1 ± 2.9

**0.737

After The Visit

128.1 ± 7.6

129.1 ± 4.7

*0.968

Difference between before and during the visit

1.8 ± 7.2

-0.6 ± 1.3

**0.268

Difference between before and after the visit

-0.8 ± 7.4

-3.9 ± 0.2

**0.248

Difference between after and during the visit

-2.9 ± 4.5

-2.7 ± 9.4

*0.352

Intragroup Comparison

***0.233

****0.182

 

DBP

Before The Visit

78.1 ± 8.5

81.9 ± 9.9

*0.080

During The Visit

80.1 ± 6.1

81.1 ± 3.8

**0.787

After The Visit

80.1 ± 5.9

80.9 ± 4.7

**0.971

Difference between before and during the visit

1.6 ± 9.7

-0.5 ± 5.8

**0.093

Difference between before and after the visit

1.5 ± 7.8

-1.6 ± 5.5

**0.026

Difference between after and during the visit

-0.7 ± 2.3

-0.6 ± 9.1

**0.605

Intragroup Comparison

****0.160

***0.298

 

O2 sat

Before The Visit

95.1 ± 9.6

95.1 ± 4.9

*0.244

During The Visit

95.1 ± 9.6

95.1 ± 3.9

*0.219

After The Visit

95.1 ± 7.7

95.1 ± 3.9

**0.295

Difference between before and during the visit

-0.1 ± 1.0

-0.0 ± 1.6

*0.983

Difference between before and after the visit

-0.1 ± 2.0

-0.0 ± 1.4

*0.426

Difference between after and during the visit

-0.0 ± 2.8

-0.0 ± 0.4

*0.397

Intragroup Comparison

****0.125

****0.052

 

RR

Before The Visit

22.5 ± 7.2

19.4 ± 2.8

*0.002

During The Visit

22.5 ± 6.2

19.4 ± 4.6

*0.004

After The Visit

22.5 ± 5.4

19.4 ± 2.6

**0.005

Difference between before and during the visit

-0.2 ± 0.8

0.1 ± 3.9

**0.580

Difference between before and after the visit

-0.3 ± 2.4

0.2 ± 0.7

**0.704

Difference between after and during the visit

-0.2 ± 2.6

-0.2 ± 2.4

*0.794

Intragroup Comparison

***0.894

****0.981

 

HR

Before The Visit

93.1 ± 5.5

84.1 ± 5.4

**0.013

During The Visit

91.1 ± 4.4

84.1 ± 8.8

**0.075

After The Visit

90.1 ± 7.6

85.1 ± 0.7

**0.113

Difference between before and during the visit

-2.5 ± 1.7

0.4 ± 3.8

**0.054

Difference between before and after the visit

-2.5 ± 7.9

0.5 ± 5.2

**0.012

Difference between after and during the visit

-0.4 ± 7.4

0.5 ± 3.3

**0.424

Intragroup Comparison

***0.008

***0.817

 

MAP

Before The Visit

95.1 ± 8.8

98.1 ± 5.0

**0.315

During The Visit

97.1 ± 8.4

98.1 ± 5.2

**0.801

After The Visit

97.1 ± 1.1

96.1 ± 2.4

**0.712

Difference between before and during the visit

2.6 ± 0.4

-0.5 ± 0.1

*0.242

Difference between before and after the visit

1.5 ± 3.3

-2.6 ± 3.9

**0.012

Difference between after and during the visit

-0.6 ± 7.7

-2.6 ± 3.1

**0.279

Intragroup Comparison

***0.135

****0.067

 
  1. * Mann-Whitney ** Independent T-test *** Repeated Measures **** Friedman Test