Table 1 Comparison of baseline parturients’ characteristics and comorbidities among the three groups

Maternal age

(y, \(\bar{x}\pm s\))

31.7 ± 3.6

32.1 ± 3.5

31.8 ± 3.3

BMI on admission

(kg/m², \(\bar{x}\pm s\))

26.1 ± 2.9

26.5 ± 2.8

26.5 ± 2.8

Gestational times

(n, \(\bar{x}\pm s\))

3 ± 1.0

3 ± 1.0

3 ± 1.0

Parous times

(n, \(\bar{x}\pm s\))

2 ± 0.3

2 ± 0.3

2 ± 0.2

Gestational weeks

(w, \(\bar{x}\pm s\))

39.1 ± 0.9

39.2 ± 0.9

39.2 ± 0.9

Neonatal birth weight

(g, \(\bar{x}\pm s\))

3278 ± 317

3332 ± 362

3347 ± 372

GDM

(n, %)

35, 20.3

125, 20.7

69, 20.1

Hypertension disorder

(n, %)

8, 4.7

41, 6.8

28, 8.1