Table 5 Comparison of secondary outcomes between two groups

Time to first postoperative mobilization, [day, median (IQR)]

2.5 (1.0–3.8)

2.0 (1.0–3.0)

0.025^*

Serum lactate level [mmol/L, median (IQR)]

 At induction

1.1 (0.9–1.3)

1.1 (0.8–1.6)

0.652

 2 h after surgery initiate

1.4 (0.7–1.2)

1.0 (1.2–1.9)

< 0.001^*

Blood glucose level [mmol/L, median (IQR)]

 At induction

5.9 (5.4–6.9)

5.7 (5.3–7.2)

0.971

 2 h after surgery initiate

7.8 (6.1–9.4)

6.9 (5.7–8.2)

0.031^*

Postoperative complications, n (%)

13 (26)

6 (12)

0.072

 Arrhythmia

1 (2)

1 (2)

1.000

 Pneumonia

6 (12)

0 (0)

0.010^*

 Lower limb venous thrombosis

6 (12)

1 (2)

0.054

 Wound infection

5 (10)

2 (4)

0.242

 Anastomotic fistula

0 (0)

0 (0)

1.000

 Hemorrhage

0 (0)

1 (2)

1.000

30 days mortality, n (%)

0 (0)

1 (2)

1.000