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Table 3 Postoperative recovery outcomes

From: Twelfth thoracic vertebra erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia and early recovery after lumbar spine surgery in elderly patients: a single-blind randomized controlled trial

 

Control group

ESPB group

p value

Sample size, n

108

105

 

Extubation time (s; mean (SD))

772.6 (174.9)

698.5 (160.5)

< 0.001

SAS score after extubation (mean (SD))

4.3 (0.8)

3.8 (0.5)

< 0.001

PONV (n (%))

38(35.2%)

23(21.9%)

0.03

POD (n (%))

10(9.3%)

7(6.7%)

0.49

Tramadol (mg; (median (IQR))

100 (0-300)

0 (0-100)

< 0.001

Ambulation time (h; mean (SD))

83.8 (44.0)

68.6 (24.5)

< 0.01

Length of hospitalization after

surgery (d; mean (SD))

10.3 (3.2)

9.3 (2.8)

0.02

  1. Student’s t test or Mann―Whitney U test for continuous variables; Fisher’s exact or χ2 tests for categorical variables and proportions
  2. n, number; PONV: postoperative nausea or vomiting; POD: postoperative delirium; SAS, Sedation-Agitation Scale; SD, standard deviation