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Table 1 Patients and clinical characteristics between the studied groups

From: Epidural nalbuphine versus dexmedetomidine as adjuvants to bupivacaine in lower limb orthopedic surgeries for postoperative analgesia: a randomized controlled trial

Characteristics

Group C (n = 23)

Group N (n = 23)

Group D (n = 23)

P value

Age (years)

40.61 ± 10.97

39.91 ± 13.44

43.35 ± 11.15

0.588

Weight (kg)

76.52 ± 8.32

76.3 ± 8.42

76.09 ± 8.25

0.984

Height (cm)

170.43 ± 3.96

169.13 ± 3.89

168.7 ± 4.32

0.235

BMI (kg/m2)

26.49 ± 3.28

26.6 ± 3.01

26.67 ± 3.0

0.979

Sex Number (%)

 Male

19 (82.6%)

19 (82.6%)

16 (69.6%)

0.465

 Female

4 (17.4%)

4 (17.4%)

7 (30.4%)

ASA Number (%)

 ASA I

18 (78.3%)

15 (65.2%)

15 (65.2%)

0.54

 ASA II

5 (21.7%)

8 (34.8%)

8 (34.8%)

Medical Comorbidities Number (%)

 No

18 (78.3%)

15 (65.2%)

15 (65.2%)

0.971

 DM

2 (8.7%)

2 (8.7%)

3 (13%)

 HTN

2 (8.7%)

5 (21.7%)

4 (17.4%)

 DM & HTN

1 (4.3%)

1 (4.3%)

1 (4.3%)

Surgical type

 Tibial fracture

10 (43.5%)

8 (34.8%)

8 (34.8%)

 > 0.999

 Femur fracture

5 (21.7%)

5 (21.7%)

6 (26.1%)

 

 DHS

5 (21.7%)

5 (21.7%)

5 (21.7%)

 

 Pott’s fracture

3 (13%)

5 (21.7%)

4 (17.4%)

 
  1. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD and number (precent)
  2. One-way ANOVA test, chi-square test, Monte Carlo test
  3. Group C Control group, Group N Nalbuphine group, Group D Dexmedetomidine group, n Total number of subjects in each group, BMI Body mass index, DM Diabetes mellitus, HTN Hypertension, DHS Dynamic hip screw
  4. P < 0.05 was considered significant