Variables | Total patients (n = 327) | Group P (n = 135) | Group N (n = 192) | t / χ2 / Z | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | |||||
Sex | 0.3378 | 0.5611 | |||
Male | 201 | 86 | 115 | Â | Â |
Female | 126 | 49 | 77 | Â | Â |
Age, years | 51.63 ± 14.38 | 48.47 ± 14.14 | 53.84 ± 14.16 | 3.3781 | 0.0008 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 24.66 ± 3.92 | 24.27 ± 4.12 | 24.93 ± 3.76 | 1.4772 | 0.1408 |
Perioperatives | |||||
ASA score | 8.8704 | 0.0029 | |||
I or II | 218 | 77 | 141 | Â | Â |
III or IV | 109 | 58 | 51 | Â | Â |
Surgical score | 0.55496 | 0.4563 | |||
I or II | 35 | 17 | 18 | Â | Â |
III or IV | 292 | 118 | 174 | Â | Â |
Timing of surgery | 11.634 | 0.0006 | |||
emergency surgery | 62 | 38 | 24 | Â | Â |
elective surgery | 265 | 97 | 168 | Â | Â |
Type of surgery | 4.7037 | 0.0301 | |||
open surgery | 289 | 126 | 163 | Â | Â |
endoscopic surgery | 38 | 9 | 29 | Â | Â |
Surgical site | Â | Â | Â | 6.5915 | 0.0861 |
spinal area | 130 | 59 | 71 | Â | Â |
joint | 51 | 24 | 27 | Â | Â |
limb bones | 90 | 27 | 63 | Â | Â |
muscles and soft tissues | 56 | 25 | 31 | Â | Â |
History of surgery or anesthesia | 0.5876 | 0.4434 | |||
yes | 86 | 32 | 54 | Â | Â |
no | 241 | 103 | 138 | Â | Â |
Preoperative VAS score | 0 (0-0) | 0 (1-0) | 0 (0-0) | -0.8729 | 0.3827 |
History of depression or anxiety | 2.3131 | 0.1283 | |||
yes | 12 | 8 | 4 | Â | Â |
no | 315 | 127 | 188 | Â | Â |
Indwelling urinary catheters | 14.806 | 0.0001 | |||
yes | 227 | 110 | 117 | Â | Â |
no | 100 | 25 | 75 | Â | Â |
Indwelling drains | 2.2149 | 0.1367 | |||
yes | 300 | 128 | 172 | Â | Â |
no | 27 | 7 | 20 | Â | Â |
PCIA | 2.444 | 0.118 | |||
yes | 272 | 118 | 154 | Â | Â |
no | 55 | 17 | 38 | Â | Â |
Nerve blockade | 0.7377 | 0.3904 | |||
yes | 49 | 17 | 32 | Â | Â |
no | 278 | 118 | 160 | Â | Â |
Arteriovenous catheterization | 14.299 | 0.0002 | |||
yes | 80 | 48 | 32 | Â | Â |
no | 247 | 87 | 160 | Â | Â |
Secondary surgery in a short period | 4.9972 | 0.0253 | |||
yes | 19 | 13 | 6 | Â | Â |
no | 308 | 122 | 186 | Â | Â |
Duration of surgery, minutes | 124 (170-80) | 135 (185-104.5) | 110 (159.25-72) | 11.0483 | 7.286e-05 |
Blood loss during surgery, ml | 150 (400-100) | 200 (475-100) | 150 (300-57.5) | 11.1878 | 9.011e-05 |
Time from withdrawal of medicine to awake, minutes | 15.77 ± 3.76 | 15.10 ± 3.81 | 16.24 ± 3.66 | 2.7464 | 0.006 |
Preemptive analgesia | 0.21917 | 0.6397 | |||
yes | 243 | 98 | 145 | Â | Â |
no | 84 | 37 | 47 | Â | Â |
Immobilization | 29.615 | 5.27e-08 | |||
yes | 104 | 66 | 38 | Â | Â |
no | 223 | 69 | 154 | Â | Â |
Intraoperative blood transfusion | 10.794 | 0.0010 | |||
yes | 95 | 53 | 42 | Â | Â |
no | 232 | 82 | 150 | Â | Â |
Sufentanil consumption, µg | 45 (50-40) | 50 (60-40) | 40 (50-35) | 11.8357 | 0.0003 |
Remifentanil consumption, mg | 1.2 (1.5-0.8) | 1.2 (1.7-1) | 1 (1.5-0.7) | -3.2160 | 0.0013 |
Propofol consumption, mg | 700 (875-475) | 700 (900-500) | 575 (850-400) | -3.0314 | 0.0024 |
Sevoflurane consumption, ml | 30 (40-15) | 30 (45-22.5) | 25 (40-15) | -3.7777 | 0.0002 |
Rocuronium consumption, mg | 90 (120-65) | 100 (125-70) | 80 (120-57.5) | -2.9820 | 0.0029 |
Tourniquet during surgery | 52.177 | 5.071e-13 | |||
yes | 65 | 53 | 12 | Â | Â |
no | 262 | 82 | 180 | Â | Â |