Effects of xenon anesthesia on postoperative neurocognitive disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMC Anesthesiology

Table 1 The details of the included studies

Author	Age (years)	ASA scale	Type of surgery	Intervention	Sample size (n)	Control	Sample size (n)	PND assessment
Rasmussen 2006 [32]	≥ 60	-	Knee replacement	60–70% xenon	21	Intravenous propofol (3–5 mg kg⁻¹ h⁻¹)	18	ISPOCD neuropsychological test battery
Coburn 2007 [33]	65–75	I–III	Elective surgery^a	60% xenon	18	5.2–5.5% desflurane anesthesia	20	Test for Attentional Performance
Bronco 2010 [6]	42–74	I-II	Elective surgery^b	60% xenon	29	1.4% Sevoflurane	30	Short Orientation Memory Concentration Test
Stuttmann 2010 [34]	≥ 18	I-II	Elective surgery^c	63% xenon	31	0.6% isoflurane	30	Syndrome short test
Cremer 2011 [35]	65–75	I-III	Elective surgery^d	60% xenon	19	1.1–1.4% Sevoflurane	20	Test of Attentional Performance
Stoppe 2013 [36]	48–81	II–IV	Elective CABG surgery	45–50% xenon	15	1–1.4% Sevoflurane	15	Confusion Assessment Method
Al tmimi 2015 [7, 23]	47–86	III-IV	Elective OPCAB surgery	50–60% xenon	21	1.1–1.4% Sevoflurane	21	Confusion Assessment Method
Coburn 2018 [9]	≥ 75	I-III	Hip fracture surgery	60% xenon	124	1.1–1.4% Sevoflurane	132	Confusion Assessment Method
Al tmimi 2020 [8]	≥ 65	III-IV	On-pump cardiac surgery	40–60% xenon	96	1.1–1.4% Sevoflurane	94	Confusion Assessment Method

Abbreviations: ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status, CABG coronary artery bypass grafting, PND Postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction, OPCAB Off-pump coronary artery bypass. The types of elective surgery were as follows
^asurgery in trauma, ear, nose, and throat, gynecology and urology
^bvisceral surgical strumectomy, augmentation or reduction mammaplasty, liposuction in obese patients and knee arthroscopy
^cgeneral surgery, ear nose and throat surgery, gynecological surgery, orthopedic surgery and urological surgery
^durology, gynecology, neurosurgery, trauma, ENT, orthopedics and abdominal surgery

ISSN: 1471-2253