Table 2 Outcomes

Number of children with satisfactory sedation

Comparisons

Number of studies in analysis (Reference no.)

Patients in Nebulized K group

(Incidence, %)

Patients in Control group (Incidence, %)

I²

Risk ratio with [95% CI]

P Value

Nebulized K vs. Nebulized D

5 [14, 23, 26,27,28]

80/146 (54.79%)

88/145 (60.69%)

71%

0.88 [0.61, 1.27]

0.49

Nebulized K vs. Nebulized KD

3 [14, 26, 29]

23/68 (33.82%)

47/69 (68.11%)

58%

0.50 [0.27, 0.92]

0.03

Nebulized K vs. Nebulized M

1 [23]

22/30 (73.33%)

25/30 (83.33%)

Nebulized K vs. Placebo Control

1 [21]

5/25 (20.00%)

0/25 (0.00%)

Nebulized K vs. Oral K

1 [22]

9/31 (29.03%)

31/31 (100.00%)

Nebulized K vs. Intravenous K

1 [21]

5/25 (20.00%)

0/25 (0.00%)

Number of children with satisfactory separation from parents

Comparisons

Number of studies in analysis (Reference no.)

Patients in Nebulized K group

(Incidence, %)

Patients in Control group (Incidence, %)

I²

Risk ratio with [95% CI]

P Value

Nebulized K vs. Nebulized D

4 [14, 23, 26, 28]

63/110 (57.27%)

81/110 (73.64%)

59%

0.81 [0.61, 1.08]

0.15

Nebulized K vs. Nebulized KD

3 [14, 26, 29]

44/68 (64.71%)

51/69 (73.91%)

57%

0.92 [0.74, 1.14]

0.42

Nebulized K vs. Nebulized M

1 [23]

21/30 (70.00%)

28/30 (93.33%)

Nebulized K vs. Oral K

1 [22]

8/31 (25.81%)

31/31 (100.00%)

Number of children with satisfactory mask acceptance

Comparisons

Number of studies in analysis (Reference no.)

Patients in Nebulized K group

(Incidence, %)

Patients in Control group (Incidence, %)

I²

Risk ratio with [95% CI]

P Value

Nebulized K vs. Nebulized D

4 [14, 23, 26, 28]

41/110 (37.27%)

58/110 (52.73%)

50%

0.71 [0.45, 1.10]

0.13

Nebulized K vs. Nebulized KD

3 [14, 26, 29]

31/68 (45.59%)

49/69 (71.01%)

0%

0.69 [0.56, 0.86]

0.001

Nebulized K vs. Nebulized M

1 [23]

20/30 (66.67%)

17/30 (56.67%)

Onset of sedation

Comparisons

Number of studies in analysis (Reference no.)

Number of patients in Nebulized K group

Number of patients in in Control group

I²

Mean difference with [95% CI]

P Value

Nebulized K vs. Nebulized D

1 [27]

36

35

Recovery time

Comparisons

Number of studies in analysis (Reference no.)

Number of patients in Nebulized K group

Number of patients in in Control group

I²

Mean difference with [95% CI]

P Value

Nebulized K vs. Nebulized D

2 [14, 28]

55

55

98%

-2.96 [-8.69, 2.77]

0.31

Vomiting

Comparisons

Number of studies in analysis (Reference no.)

Patients in Nebulized K group

(Incidence, %)

Patients in Control group (Incidence, %)

I²

Risk ratio with [95% CI]

P Value

Nebulized K vs. Nebulized D

3 [14, 23, 28]

6/85 (7.06%)

3/85 (3.53%)

0%

1.86 [0.53, 6.55]

0.34

Nebulized K vs. Nebulized KD

2 [14, 26]

2/45 (4.44%)

3/45 (6.67%)

31%

0.71 [0.15, 3.48]

0.68

Nebulized K vs. Nebulized M

2 [23, 24]

8/60 (13.33%)

1/60 (1.67%)

8%

5.67 [1.03, 31.20]

0.05

Nebulized K vs. Placebo Control

1 [21]

9/25 (36.00%)

2/25 (8.00%)

Nebulized K vs. Intravenous K

1 [21]

9/25 (36.00%)

3/25 (12.00%)

Nystagmus

Comparisons

Number of studies in analysis (Reference no.)

Patients in Nebulized K group

(Incidence, %)

Patients in Control group (Incidence, %)

I²

Risk ratio with [95% CI]

P Value

Nebulized K vs. Oral K

1 [22]

1/31 (3.23%)

2/31 (6.45%)

Abnormal movement

Comparisons

Number of studies in analysis (Reference no.)

Patients in Nebulized K group

(Incidence, %)

Patients in Control group (Incidence, %)

I²

Risk ratio with [95% CI]

P Value

Nebulized K vs. Oral K

1 [22]

0/31 (0.00%)

1/31 (3.23%)

Hypersalivation

Comparisons

Number of studies in analysis (Reference no.)

Patients in Nebulized K group

(Incidence, %)

Patients in Control group (Incidence, %)

I²

Risk ratio with [95% CI]

P Value

Nebulized K vs. Nebulized D

2 [23, 28]

1/65 (1.54%)

1/65 (1.54%)

0%

1.00 [0.14, 6.94]

1.00

Nebulized K vs. Nebulized KD

1 [26]

0/25 (0.00%)

5/25 (20.00%)

Nebulized K vs. Oral K

1 [22]

2/31 (0.00%)

3/31 (6.45%)

Nebulized K vs. Nebulized M

1 [24]

9/30 (30.00%)

0/30 (0.00%)

Hypotension

Comparisons

Number of studies in analysis (Reference no.)

Patients in Nebulized K group

(Incidence, %)

Patients in Control group (Incidence, %)

I²

Risk ratio with [95% CI]

P Value

Nebulized K vs. Nebulized D

1 [14]

0/20 (0.00%)

2/20 (10.00%)

Nebulized K vs. Nebulized KD

1 [14]

0/20 (0.00%)

0/20 (0.00%)

Bradycardia

Comparisons

Number of studies in analysis (Reference no.)

Patients in Nebulized K group

(Incidence, %)

Patients in Control group (Incidence, %)

I²

Risk ratio with [95% CI]

P Value

Nebulized K vs. Nebulized D

1 [14]

0/20 (0.00%)

2/20 (10.00%)

Nebulized K vs. Nebulized KD

1 [14]

0/20 (0.00%)

0/20 (0.00%)

Emergence agitation

Comparisons

Number of studies in analysis (Reference no.)

Patients in Nebulized K group

(Incidence, %)

Patients in Control group (Incidence, %)

I²

Risk ratio with [95% CI]

P Value

Nebulized K vs. Nebulized D

4 [14, 23, 27, 28]

22/121 (18.18%)

4/120 (3.33%)

0%

4.98 [1.88, 13.16]

0.001

Nebulized K vs. Nebulized M

1 [23]

12/30 (26.67%)

6/30 (6.67%)

Nebulized K vs. Nebulized DK

1 [14]

2/20 (10.00%)

1/20 (5.00%)

Hemodynamic parameters (Mean arterial pressure, MAP)

Comparisons

Number of studies in analysis (Reference no.)

Number of patients in Nebulized K group

Number of patients in in Control group

I²

Mean difference with [95% CI]

P Value

Nebulized K vs. Nebulized M

2 [24, 25]

61

60

3%

3.35 [0.61, 6.09]

0.02

Hemodynamic parameters (Heart rate, HR)

Comparisons

Number of studies in analysis (Reference no.)

Number of patients in Nebulized K group

Number of patients in in Control group

I²

Mean difference with [95% CI]

P Value

Nebulized K vs. Nebulized D

1 [25]

31

31