Table 2 Hemodynamic parameters at the respective fluid states compared between volume- and pressure-controlled ventilation

Heart rate [bpm]

Baseline

109 [89–115]

105 [92–114]

Hypovolaemia

121 [106–164]

121 [99–157]

Resuscitation I

109 [98–120]

95 [91–116]

Resuscitation II

93 [88–113]

92 [88–108]

Systolic pressure [mmHg]

Baseline

129 [98–139]

117 [101–140]

Hypovolaemia

61 [49–64]

66 [60–78]

Resuscitation I

89 [66–104]

84 [67–94]

Resuscitation II

124 [108–131]

115 [96–120]

Mean arterial pressure [mmHg]

Baseline

99 [77–113]

89 [79–115]

Hypovolaemia

47 [41–50]

53 [50–59]

Resuscitation I

58 [42–68]

62 [50–69]

Resuscitation II

93 [78–97]

81 [69–85]

Diastolic pressure [mmHg]

Baseline

85 [66–100]

76 [67–103]

Hypovolaemia

39 [35–43]

45 [42–49]

Resuscitation I

54 [42–66]

51 [42–57]

Resuscitation II

78 [62–80]

66 [54–69]

Central venous pressure [mmHg]

Baseline

6.3 [5.3–10.5]

6.6 [4.8–9.7]

Hypovolaemia

6.2 [3.3–9.0]

6.0 [3.1–8.8]

Resuscitation I

6.7 [3.8–11.2]

6.4 [3.7–11.1]

Resuscitation II

10.6 [7.7–13.3]

9.1 [5.9–11.3]

Cardiac index⁺[l min^-1m^-2]

Baseline

3.32 [2.90–3.74]

3.08 [2.72–3.62]

Hypovolaemia

1.76 [1.39–2.03]

1.66 [1.17–2.18]

Resuscitation I

2.40 [1.93–2.80]

2.46 [1.90–2.80]

Resuscitation II

3.84 [3.37–4.08]

3.70 [3.47–3.98]

Pulse pressure variation

[%]

Baseline

5.9 [4.2–7.0]

7.7 [7.0–8.2]

Hypovolaemia

15.1 [11.8–16.4]

13.1 [12.0–20.9]

Resuscitation I

7.0 [6.1–10.8]

8.1 [6.0–11.7]

Resuscitation II

2.9 [2.2–3.7]

3.6 [2.4–5.7]

Stroke volume variation [%]

Baseline

6.2 [4.9–14.4]

7.3 [4.8–19.6]

Hypovolaemia

11.2 [8.6–15.8]

9.0 [6.4–10.7]

Resuscitation I

7.2 [4.3–8.6]

7.7 [6.6–11.5]

Resuscitation II

2.5 [2.0–5.0]

3.2 [3.0–5.5]