Table 1 Patient characteristics categorised by one-year post-hospital mortality in critically ill surgical patients

Age, years

60.4 ± 15.8

59.4 ± 15.7

67.2 ± 14.7

< 0.001

Male

5073 (62.8%)

4314 (61.8%)

759 (69.5%)

< 0.001

Body mass index

24.3 ± 4.4

24.5 ± 4.4

22.7 ± 4.2

< 0.001

Charlson Comorbidity Index

1.6 ± 1.4

1.5 ± 1.4

2.2 ± 1.5

< 0.001

Severity of critical illness

APACHE II score

20 ± 5.5

19.8 ± 5.5

21.7 ± 5.3

< 0.001

Presence of shock

2288 (28.3%)

1902 (27.2%)

386 (35.3%)

< 0.001

Surgical divisions

< 0.001

Cardiovascular surgery

1794 (22.2%)

1673 (24.0%)

121 (11.1%)

< 0.001

Neurosurgery

4169 (51.6%)

3778 (54.1%)

391 (35.8%)

Major abdomen surgery

854 (10.6%)

616 (8.8%)

238 (21.8%)

Others

1256 (15.6%)

914 (13.1%)

342 (31.3%)

Managements in ICU

Emergent surgery

1297 (16.1%)

1144 (16.4%)

153 (14%)

0.052

Scheduled surgery

4814 (59.6%)

4233 (60.6%)

581 (53.2%)

< 0.001

Mechanical ventilation (> 3 days)

2454 (30.4%)

1945 (27.9%)

509 (46.6%)

< 0.001

Receiving RRT

290 (3.6%)

216 (3.1%)

74 (6.8%)

< 0.001

Fluid balance day 1–3, positive

5987 (65.5%)

4354 (62.4%)

1633 (75.4%)

< 0.001

Positive microbiological culture

2379 (29.5%)

1834 (26.3%)

545 (49.9%)

< 0.001

Laboratory data

White blood cell count (/µl)

10,697 ± 4022

10643.1 ± 3685.5

11041.9 ± 5713.5

0.026

Haemoglobin (g/dL)

11.4 ± 1.9

11.5 ± 1.9

10.5 ± 1.7

< 0.001

Platelet (10³/µL)

201.3 ± 84.8

203.0 ± 83.1

190.4 ± 94.1

< 0.001

Creatinine (mg/dL)

1.2 ± 1.3

1.1 ± 1.3

1.4 ± 1.5

< 0.001

BUN (mg/dL)

20.3 ± 14.3

19.4 ± 13.2

26.2 ± 19.0

< 0.001

Albumin (mg/dL)

3.6 ± 0.7

3.6 ± 0.7

3.2 ± 0.7

< 0.001

Ratio of BUN/Albumin

6.2 ± 5.3

5.8 ± 4.8

8.9 ± 7.4

< 0.001

Outcomes

ICU length of stay, days

6.4 ± 4.8

5.8 ± 4.5

8.1 ± 5.0

< 0.001

Hospital length of stay, days

17.0 ± 9.7

16.3 ± 9.3

19.1 ± 10.7

< 0.001

Mortality at distinct time points

30-day mortality

63 (0.78%)

NA

63 (5.8%)

NA

90-day mortality

329 (4.1%)

NA

329 (30.1%)

NA