Table 1 Characteristics of included randomized-controlled trial
Study ID | Intervention | Sample size | Sex (M/F) | Age (months) | BMI (kg.m2) | examination type | ASA | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Li P et al. 2022 [25] | 0.5 mg/kg esketamine plus 2 mg/kg propofol | 114 | 59/55 | 47.31 ± 9.30 | 24.5 ± 3.52 | enteroscopy | ASA I ⁓ II | recovery time |
1 ug/kg fentanyl plus 2 mg/kg propofol | 114 | 56/58 | 46.96 ± 9.44 | 25.65 ± 2.94 | ||||
Kang Y et al. 2021 [26] | 0.3 mg/kg esketamine plus 2 mg/kg propofol | 30 | NA | 40–65 | 19 < BMI < 30 | ERCP | ASA I ⁓ II | recovery time |
0.1ug/kg fentanyl plus 2 mg/kg propofol | 30 | NA | ||||||
Shi YH et al. 2020 [27] | 0.2 mg/kg esketamine plus 1.5 mg/kg propofol | 34 | 18/16 | 39.6 ± 2.7 | NA | gastrointestinal endoscopy | ASA I ⁓ II | respiratory depression, nausea, low oxygen saturation |
0.5 mg/kg esketamine plus 1.5 mg/kg propofol | 34 | 19/15 | 37.3 ± 2.1 | NA | ||||
0.5 μg/kg remifentanil plus 1.5 mg/kg propofol | 34 | 17/17 | 38.2 ± 3.1 | NA | ||||
Li CL et al. 2022 [28] | 0.3 mg/kg esketamine plus 10 mg/mL propofol (2 ⁓ 4 mg/s) | 35 | 21/14 | 45.8 ± 11.6 | 21.2 ± 2.6 | gastroscopy | ASA I ⁓ II | propofol dose, recovery time, injection pain, nausea, low oxygen saturation, hypotension, hypertension, bradycardia, tachycardia, dysphoria, muscle tremors |
0.5 mg/kg esketamine plus 10 mg/mL propofol (2 ⁓ 4 mg/s) | 35 | 22/13 | 43.5 ± 11.5 | 21.6 ± 2.7 | ||||
NS plus 10 mg/mL propofol (2 ⁓ 4 mg/s) | 35 | 22/13 | 46.1 ± 12.1 | 21.6 ± 2.3 | ||||
Chen SL et al. 2022 [29] | 0.5 mg/kg esketamine plus 2 mg/kg propofol | 41 | 22/19 | 51.88 ± 6.20 | 23.67 ± 3.01 | gastrointestinal endoscopy | ASA I ⁓ II | recovery time, nausea, respiratory depression, delirium, bradycardia |
NS plus 2 mg/kg propofol | 41 | 24/17 | 52.36 ± 5.14 | 23.85 ± 2.34 | ||||
Shen K et al. 2022 [30] | 0.2 mg/kg esketamine plus 1–2 mg/kg propofol | 30 | 15/15 | 45.2 ± 9.2 | 23.9 ± 2.4 | gastrointestinal endoscopy | ASA I ⁓ II | propofol dose, recovery time, respiratory depression, body movement, hypotension, bradycardia |
10 ml NS plus 1–2 mg/kg propofol | 30 | 20/10 | 43.7 ± 13.3 | 22.3 ± 3.8 | ||||
0.1 mg/kg NS plus 1–2 mg/kg propofol | 50 | 20 /30 | 49.36 ± 9. 87 | 23.67 ± 2.73 | ||||
Song ZQ et al. 2021 [31] | 0.08 mg/kg dezocine plus 1.5 ~ 2.5 mg /kg propofol | 40 | 22/18 | 71. 3 ± 4. 3 | / | gastrointestinal endoscopy | ASA II ⁓ III | respiratory depression, body movement, hypotension |
0.08 μg/kg sufentanil plus 1.5–2.5 mg/kg propofol | 40 | 25/15 | 72. 8 ± 4. 9 | / | ||||
0.25 mg/kg esketamine plus 1.5 ~ 2.5 mg /kg propofol | 40 | 19/21 | 68. 8 ± 10. 4 | / | ||||
Wan X et al. 2022 [32] | 0.25 mg/kg esketamine plus 4–6 mg.kg/h propofol | 50 | 29/21 | 52.4 ± 11.6 | 23.9 ± 2.3 | gastrointestinal endoscopy | ASA I ⁓ II | propofol dose, recovery time, injection pain, respiratory depression, body movement, dizziness |
NS plus 4–6 mg.kg/h propofol | 50 | 24/26 | 51.5 ± 1.4 | 24.3 ± 3.6 | ||||
Wang XD et al. 2021 [33] | 0.5 µg/kg Dexmedetomidine plus 1 mg/kg propofol | 42 | 30/12 | 61.6 ± 15.6 | 23.9 ± 2.3 | ERCP | ASA I ⁓ III | recovery time, respiratory depression, nausea, low oxygen saturation, hypotension, bradycardia, dysphoria, tremor |
1 mg/kg esketamine plus 0.4 mg/kg remimazolam | 44 | NA | 60.7 ± 14.8 | 23.9 ± 2.3 | ||||
Xu YF et al. 2022 [20] | 0.3 mg/kg esketamine plus propofol | 42 | 16/26 | 42.3 ± 2.5 | NA | gastrointestinal endoscopy | ASA I ⁓ II | propofol dose, recovery time, injection pain, nausea, low oxygen saturation, hypotension, hypertension, bradycardia, tachycardia, dysphoria |
0.05 mg/kg dezocine plus propofol | 41 | 16/25 | 38.9 ± 2.2 | NA | ||||
Yang H et al. 2022 [34] | NS plus propofol | 30 | 10/20 | 70 [65,88] | 24.2 (2.25) | gastrointestinal endoscopy | ASA I ⁓ II | recovery time |
0.25 mg/kg esketamine plus propofol | 30 | 10/20 | 70 [65, 89] | 23.8 (2.73) | ||||
0.5 mg/kg esketamine plus propofol | 30 | 11/19 | 69.5 [65,88] | 24.8 (2.45) | ||||
Susanne Eberlet al. 2020 [35] | 1 μg/kg alfentanil plus propofol | 79 | 39/40 | 58 [43 to 70] | NA | ERCP | ASA I ⁓ III | propofol dose, recovery time, low oxygen saturation, hypotension, hypertension, bradycardia |
50 μg/kg esketamine plus propofol | 83 | 48/35 | 63 [52 to 73] | NA | ||||
0.4 mg/kg remimazolam benzenesulfonate plus 1 mg/kg esketamine | 46 | 31/15 | 67.62 ± 4.52 | NA | ||||
Zheng XS et al. 2022 [36] | 0 mg/kg esketamine plus 0.4 mg/kg propofol | 23 | 15/08 | 8.9 ± 2.6 | 16.9 ± 2.9 | gastrointestinal endoscopy | ASA I –III | propofol dose, recovery time, injection, pain, respiratory depression, nausea, delirium, hypotension, headache, dizziness |
0.25 mg/kg esketamine plus 2.5 mg/kg propofol | 23 | 7/16 | 9.8 ± 1.9 | 17.6 ± 2.9 | ||||
0.5 mg/kg esketamine plus 1.5 mg/kg propofol | 23 | 12/11 | 10.1 ± 3.5 | 18.2 ± 3.0 | ||||
1 mg/kg esketamine plus 1.5 mg/kg propofol | 23 | 12/11 | 9.9 ± 2.2 | 16.5 ± 3.1 | ||||
Wang J et al. 2019 [19] | 0.5 mg/kg esketamine plus 0.6 mg/kg propofol | 16 | 8/8 | 32.00 ± 6.19 | 21.63 ± 1.96 | gastroscopy | ASA I–II | recovery time, nausea, delirium, hypertension, tachycardia, muscle tremors, headache, dizziness |
1 mg/kg ketamine plus 0.6 mg/kg propofol | 16 | 8/8 | 40.00 ± 8.91 | 23.05 ± 2.69 | ||||
Zeng LY et al. 2022 [37] | 0.4 mg / kg esketamine plus 1 mg / kg propofol | 40 | 28/12 | 56 ± 7 | 23.0 ± 1.2 | ERCP | ASA I–II | propofol dose, recovery time, respiratory depression, nausea, dizziness |
5 mg of dizocine plus 1 mg/kg propofol | 40 | 27/13 | 56 ± 7 | 23.5 ± 1.5 | ||||
Zhan YT et al. 2022 [38] | NS plus 1.5 mg/kg propofol | 65 | 38/27 | 44.94 ± 10.031 | 22.67 ± 2.755 | gastrointestinal endoscopy(GI) | ASA I–II | propofol dose, recovery time, injection pain, respiratory depression, nausea, delirium, Body dynamic response, Hypoxemia, hypotension, hypertension, dizziness |
0.05 mg/kg esketamine plus 1.5 mg/kg 1.5 mg/kg propofol | 65 | 38/27 | 42.71 ± 10.148 | 22.74 ± 2.664 | ||||
0.1 mg/ kg esketamine plus 1.5 mg/kg propofol | 65 | 32/33 | 45.89 ± 9.292 | 23.06 ± 2.770 | ||||
0.2 mg/kg esketamine plus 1.5 mg/kg propofol | 65 | 30/35 | 44.38 ± 10.233 | 21.99 ± 2.730 | ||||
Wang JX et al. 2022 [39] | NS plus 3 mg/kg propofol | 30 | 17/13 | 9.41 ± 2.06 | 17.10 ± 2.80 | gastro-duodenoscopy | ASA I-II | propofol dose, recovery time, nausea, Hypoxemia, hypotension, hypertension Visual disturbance, dizziness |
0.3 mg/kg esketamine plus 3 mg/kg propofol | 30 | 13/17 | 9.92 ± 1.87 | 18.13 ± 3.50 | ||||
0.5 mg/kg esketamine plus 3 mg/kg propofol | 30 | 13/17 | 8.93 ± 1.95 | 17.40 ± 3.02 | ||||
0.7 mg/kg esketamine plus 3 mg/kg propofol | 30 | 14/16 | 9.45 ± 1.66 | 18.37 ± 3.75 | ||||
Feng MM et al. 2022 [40] | NS plus 3 mg/kg propofol | 25 | 14/11 | 52.6 ± 6.5 | 22.7 ± 2.2 | gastrointestinal endoscopy | ASA I-II | propofol dose, recovery time, respiratory depression, nausea, hypotension, Visual disturbance, dizziness |
0.15 mg/kg esketamine plus 2.5 mg/kg propofol | 25 | 12/13 | 54.4 ± 8.7 | 22.8 ± 2.0 | ||||
0.25 mg/kg esketamine plus 2 mg/kg propofol | 25 | 15/10 | 53.9 ± 6.9 | 22.8 ± 1.7 | ||||
0.5 mg/kg esketamine plus 1.5 mg/kg propofol | 25 | 11/14 | 50.7 ± 9.3 | 23.3 ± 2.3 |