Fig. 3

Activation of astrocytes in the basal forebrain region facilitates anesthesia-induced loss of consciousness and prolongs recovery. (A) Diagram of the loss of consciousness test and electroencephalogram recording in isoflurane anesthesia. (B) Schematic of experimental devices of isoflurane anesthesia. (C) Time of loss of righting reflex (LORR) with isoflurane exposure after intraperitoneal injections of saline or clozapine N-oxide (CNO) for 1 h (hM3Dq mice, n = 10; mCherry mice, n = 8). (D) Time of recovery of righting reflex (RORR) after isoflurane exposure ceased (hM3Dq mice, n = 10; mCherry mice, n = 8). Asterisks indicate significant differences (^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001). ns indicates not being significant