General anesthesia with S-ketamine improves the early recovery and cognitive function in patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy: a prospective randomized controlled trial

Table 2 Postoperative QoR-15 score (n = 40 in each group)

	Control Group	S-ketamine Group	Media Difference (95%CI)	P-value
Global QoR-15
POD1	119.0 (114.0–123.5)	124.0 (119.5–128.0)	-5 (-8 to -2)	0.002*
POD2	132.0 (126.5–141.5)	140.0 (133.0–145.0)	-6 (-10 to -2)	0.004*
QoR-15 dimensions Pain
POD1	16.0 (15.0–17.0)	17.0 (16.0–18.0)	-1 (-2 to 0)	0.027*
POD2	18.0 (17.0–19.0)	19.0 (18.0–20.0)	-1 (-2 to 0)	0.024*
Physical comfort
POD1	38.0 (35.0–40.0)	39.0 (36.0–42.5)	-2 (-4 to 0)	0.041*
POD2	45.0 (42.0–47.0)	47.0 (45.0–50.0)	-2 (-4 to -1)	0.005*
Physical independence
POD1	17.0 (15.0–18.0)	17.0 (17.0–18.0)	-1 (-1 to 0)	0.061
POD2	18.0 (18.0–19.0)	18.5 (17.0–19.5)	0 (-1 to 0)	0.381
Physical support
POD1	17.0 (16.0–18.0)	17.0 (16.0–18.0)	0 (-1 to 1)	0.762
POD2	18.0 (17.0–20.0)	19.0 (17.0–19.5)	0 (-1 to 1)	0.789
Emotional state
POD1	33.0 (31.0–34.0)	35.0 (31.5–35.0)	-2 (-3 to 0)	0.018*
POD2	34.0 (32.0–37.0)	38.0 (36.0–39.0)	-3 (-4 to -1)	0.000*
				0.789 0.018* 0.000*

Data are presented as median (IQR). The median difference (reported with 95% CI) is the median of all pairwise differences between observations in the two groups. It is not the difference between the group medians. *P < 0.05, compared with control group. Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval; IQR, interquartile range; QoR-15, 15-item quality of recovery; POD1, Postoperative day 1; POD2, Postoperative day 2

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