Fig. 1

The procedure of isoflurane administration and LFP PSD during different states. a Schematic procedure of the experiment. The isoflurane was administered at sustained concentration and increased in a stepwise fashion. b Average LFP spectrogram during four states from 20 animals. The color bar indicates the log PSD. The QA and four isoflurane-dose states were demarcated by the black box in each spectrogram. c Relative power spectrum density in delta, theta, alpha, and beta band. Dark blue columns refer to the QA state, yellow columns refer to the 0.75% isoflurane, and red columns refer to the 1.25% isoflurane, green columns refer to the 1.75% isoflurane. QA, Quiet awake state. The dots refer to the relative power values of each rat. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test. ∗ indicates a significant difference between states (QA, 0.75%, 1.25%, or 1.75%) with p < 0.05; n = 20