Low-dose intranasal dexmedetomidine premedication improves epidural labor analgesia onset and reduces procedural pain on epidural puncture: a prospective randomized double-blind clinical study

Table 3 Adverse effects of epidural analgesia

	CON (n = 30)	IND (n = 30)	Z/t/ × 2	P value
Hypotension	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0.000	1.000
Respiratory depression	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0.000	1.000
Maternal Bradycardia	0 (0.0)	1 (3.3)	0.000	1.000
Fetal bradycardia within 30 min after EA	2 (6.7)	3 (10.0)	0.000	1.000
Excessive sedation	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0.000	1.000
Nausea and vomiting	3 (10.0)	1 (3.3)	0.268	0.605
Pruritus	2 (6.7)	0 (0.0)	0.000	1.000
Shivering	3 (10.0)	0 (0.0)	1.404	0.236

Values are presented as n (%). P < 0.05 is set to be significant. CON, the conventional PIEB group; IND, the PIEB with intranasal dexmedetomidine group; PIEB, programmed intermittent epidural bolus; EA, epidural analgesia

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