Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion/mitral annular plane systolic excursion ratio in critically ill patients: an index of right- and left-ventricular function mismatch and a risk factor for cardiogenic pulmonary edema

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population

Categories	Study population (n = 290)	NonCPE (n = 204)	CPE (n = 86)	p value
Age (yr)	64 (52, 73)	63 (50, 72)	66 (58, 79)	0.007
Sex (male, %)	184 (62.2%)	126 (61.8%)	58 (63.0%)	0.834
APACHE II	19 (13, 24)	18 (14, 24)	20 (13, 25)	0.399
SOFA	10 (8, 13)	10 (8, 13)	11 (6, 13)	0.639
Reasons for admission (n, %)
Sepsis	172 (59.3%)	123 (60.3%)	49 (57.0%)	0.599
High-risk surgery	58 (20.0%)	44 (21.6%)	14 (16.3%)	0.304
*Others	60 (20.7%)	37 (18.1%)	23 (26.7%)	0.098
Comorbidities
HTN	107 (36.9%)	72 (35.3%)	35 (40.7%)	0.384
DM	70 (24.1%)	45 (22.1%)	25 (29.1%)	0.203
CAD	59 (20.3%)	36 (17.6%)	23 (26.7%)	0.079
CKD	24 (8.3%)	14 (6.8%)	10 (11.6%)	0.179
COPD	13 (4.5%)	10 (4.9%)	3 (3.5%)	0.595
NE infusion (n, %)	211 (72.8%)	151 (74.0%)	60 (69.8%)	0.458
Mechanical ventilation (n, %)	241 (83.1%)	173 (84.8%)	68 (79.1%)	0.234
PaO₂/FiO₂	306 (247, 348)	323 (272, 359)	236 (191, 308)	< 0.001
ICU length of stay (day)	5 (3, 11)	5 (3, 10)	6 (3, 14)	0.096
ICU mortality (n, %)	42 (14.5%)	23 (11.3%)	19 (22.1%)	0.017

*Brain trauma or hemorrhage, acute kidney failure, acute coronary syndrome, sepsis without shock
CPE: cardiogenic pulmonary edema; APACHE: acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; SOFA: sequential organ failure assessment; HTN: hypertension; DM: diabetes mellitus; CAD: coronary arterial disease; CKD: chronic kidney dysfunction; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NE: norepinephrine; PaO₂/FiO₂: partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio; ICU: intensive care unit

ISSN: 1471-2253