Table 4 Cox regression analysis for 90-day all-cause mortality in cardiogenic shock patients after matching

Age, per 1 year

1.03 (1.02–1.04)

< 0.001

1.03 (1.02–1.04)

< 0.001

Male

1.16 (0.93–1.45)

0.178

–

BMI, per 1 kg/m²

1.00 (0.98–1.01)

0.736

–

Charlson comorbidity index, per 1 score

1.13 (1.09–1.18)

< 0.001

1.08 (1.03–1.14)

0.003

SOFA, per 1 score

1.03 (0.99–1.07)

0.167

–

OASIS, per 1 score

1.05 (1.04–1.06)

< 0.001

1.00 (0.98–1.02)

0.679

APS III, per 1 score

1.02 (1.01–1.02)

< 0.001

1.01 (1.00–1.02)

0.011

LODS, per 1 score

1.13 (1.09–1.16)

< 0.001

1.02 (0.96–1.09)

0.443

SBP, per 1 mmHg

0.99 (0.99–1.00)

0.023

0.99 (0.99–1.00)

0.055

DBP, per 1 mmHg

0.99 (0.99–1.00)

0.099

–

Heart rate, per 1 bpm

1.01 (1.00–1.01)

0.013

1.01 (1.00–1.01)

0.003

Hypertension

0.77 (0.60–1.00)

0.051

–

Diabetes

1.08 (0.86–1.36)

0.498

–

Dyslipidemia

0.94 (0.76–1.18)

0.602

–

CKD

1.78 (1.43–2.22)

< 0.001

1.30 (0.97–1.74)

0.076

Rheumatic disease

0.74 (0.42–1.32)

0.313

–

Chronic pulmonary disease

0.91 (0.72–1.14)

0.398

–

ADHF

0.66 (0.53–0.82)

< 0.001

0.60 (0.47–0.76)

< 0.001

MI

1.23 (0.99–1.53)

0.065

–

Cardiac arrest

1.60 (1.23–2.10)

0.001

1.58 (1.17–2.12)

0.003

Septic shock

1.92 (1.53–2.42)

< 0.001

1.32 (1.02–1.70)

0.037

Lactate, per 1 mmol/L

1.12 (1.08–1.16)

< 0.001

1.08 (1.03–1.13)

0.001

WBC, per 1 × 10⁹/L

1.01 (0.99–1.02)

0.455

–

Platelet, per 1 × 10⁹/L

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.170

–

RBC, per 1 × 10¹²/L

0.88 (0.77–1.01)

0.071

–

Hemoglobin, per 1 g/L

0.97 (0.92–1.02)

0.196

–

AST, per 1 IU/L

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

< 0.001

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.128

ALT, per 1 IU/L

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.003

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.382

Albumin, per 1 g/dL

0.83 (0.69–0.99)

0.041

0.92 (0.76–1.12)

0.420

BUN, per 1 mg/dL

1.01 (1.01–1.01)

< 0.001

1.01 (1.00–1.01)

0.073

Creatinine, per 1 mg/dL

1.11 (1.05–1.18)

< 0.001

0.92 (0.83–1.02)

0.133

Bicarbonate, per 1 mmol/L

0.96 (0.94–0.99)

0.002

0.99 (0.97–1.02)

0.666

pH, per 0.01

0.95 (0.73–1.22)

0.663

–

BE, per 1 mmol/L

1.00 (0.99–1.00)

0.519

–

Glucose, per 1 mg/dL

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.182

–

Sodium, per 1 mmol/L

1.00 (0.98–1.03)

0.660

–

Potassium, per 1 mmol/L

1.04 (0.93–1.18)

0.469

–

Chloride, per 1 mmol/L

0.99 (0.98–1.01)

0.385

–

Calcium, per 1 mg/dL

1.02 (0.91–1.14)

0.707

–

Magnesium, per 1 mg/dL

1.21 (0.99–1.49)

0.061

–

INR, per 0.1

1.08 (0.99–1.17)

0.083

–

PTT, per 1 s

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.683

–

Antiplatelet

0.60 (0.47–0.77)

< 0.001

0.77 (0.58–1.01)

0.059

Statins

0.83 (0.66–1.05)

0.117

–

Inotropes

1.14 (0.91–1.43)

0.267

–

Vasopressors

1.51 (1.10–2.08)

0.011

0.96 (0.67–1.38)

0.839

MCS

0.96 (0.68–1.36)

0.829

–

CRRT

1.73 (1.35–2.20)

< 0.001

1.29 (0.97–1.73)

0.083

Revascularization

0.59 (0.44–0.78)

< 0.001

0.81 (0.59–1.1)

0.180

Mechanical ventilation

1.09 (0.85–1.41)

0.503

–

Glucocorticoids

1.34 (1.07–1.67)

0.010

1.42 (1.13–1.79)

0.003