Table 3 Cox regression analysis for 90-day all-cause mortality in cardiogenic shock patients before matching

Age, per 1 year

1.03 (1.02–1.04)

< 0.001

1.03 (1.02–1.04)

< 0.001

Male

0.87 (0.74–1.02)

0.096

–

BMI, per 1 kg/m²

0.99 (0.98–1.00)

0.124

–

Charlson comorbidity index, per 1 score

1.18 (1.14–1.21)

< 0.001

1.09 (1.05–1.14)

< 0.001

SOFA, per 1 score

1.04 (1.01–1.07)

0.005

0.98 (0.95–1.01)

0.202

OASIS, per 1 score

1.05 (1.04–1.06)

< 0.001

1.00 (0.98–1.01)

0.554

APS III, per 1 score

1.02 (1.02–1.02)

< 0.001

1.01 (1.01–1.02)

< 0.001

LODS, per 1 score

1.15 (1.12–1.17)

< 0.001

1.03 (0.99–1.07)

0.194

SBP, per 1 mmHg

1.00 (0.99–1.00)

0.055

–

DBP, per 1 mmHg

1.00 (0.99–1.00)

0.052

–

Heart rate, per 1 bpm

1.01 (1.00–1.01)

0.005

1.00 (1.00–1.01)

0.200

Hypertension

0.79 (0.66–0.95)

0.013

0.87 (0.70–1.09)

0.232

Diabetes

1.12 (0.95–1.32)

0.165

–

Dyslipidemia

0.98 (0.84–1.15)

0.832

–

CKD

1.73 (1.47–2.03)

< 0.001

0.98 (0.76–1.25)

0.840

Rheumatic disease

1.07 (0.68–1.69)

0.770

–

Chronic pulmonary disease

1.14 (0.96–1.36)

0.125

–

ADHF

0.74 (0.63–0.87)

< 0.001

0.68 (0.57–0.81)

< 0.001

MI

1.22 (1.04–1.44)

0.014

1.67 (1.38–2.02)

< 0.001

Cardiac arrest

1.85 (1.51–2.28)

< 0.001

1.76 (1.41–2.21)

< 0.001

Septic shock

2.31 (1.93–2.76)

< 0.001

1.25 (1.01–1.53)

0.036

Lactate, per 1 mmol/L

1.13 (1.10–1.16)

< 0.001

1.05 (1.02–1.09)

0.001

WBC, per 1 × 10⁹/L

1.01 (1.00–1.02)

0.131

–

Platelet, per 1 × 10⁹/L

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.151

–

RBC, per 1 × 10¹²/L

0.78 (0.70–0.86)

< 0.001

0.96 (0.86–1.07)

0.450

Hemoglobin, per 1 g/L

0.91 (0.88–0.94)

< 0.001

–

AST, per 1 IU/L

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.210

–

ALT, per 1 IU/L

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.608

–

Albumin, per 1 g/dL

0.69 (0.61–0.79)

< 0.001

0.90 (0.77–1.04)

0.154

BUN, per 1 mg/dL

1.01 (1.01–1.01)

< 0.001

1.00 (1.00–1.01)

0.098

Creatinine, per 1 mg/dL

1.12 (1.07–1.17)

< 0.001

0.98 (0.91–1.06)

0.562

Bicarbonate, per 1 mmol/L

0.97 (0.96–0.99)

0.003

1.02 (1.00–1.04)

0.103

pH, per 0.01

0.84 (0.69–1.02)

0.086

–

BE, per 1 mmol/L

1.00 (0.99–1.00)

0.048

–

Glucose, per 1 mg/dL

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.001

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.426

Sodium, per 1 mmol/L

0.99 (0.98–1.01)

0.344

–

Potassium, per 1 mmol/L

1.11 (1.02–1.22)

0.014

1.00 (0.91–1.11)

0.971

Chloride, per 1 mmol/L

0.98 (0.97–1.00)

0.007

1.00 (0.98–1.01)

0.600

Calcium, per 1 mg/dL

1.01 (0.92–1.10)

0.906

–

Magnesium, per 1 mg/dL

1.22 (1.03–1.44)

0.020

1.25 (1.07–1.46)

0.005

INR, per 0.1

1.04 (0.99–1.09)

0.142

–

PTT, per 1 s

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.213

–

Antiplatelet

0.60 (0.50–0.72)

< 0.001

0.69 (0.55–0.86)

0.001

Statins

0.71 (0.60–0.84)

< 0.001

0.78 (0.63–0.96)

0.020

Inotropes

1.12 (0.95–1.32)

0.179

–

Vasopressors

1.64 (1.33–2.02)

< 0.001

1.09 (0.85–1.40)

0.483

MCS

1.30 (0.98–1.71)

0.070

–

CRRT

2.26 (1.87–2.73)

< 0.001

1.31 (1.04–1.65)

0.022

Revascularization

0.53 (0.43–0.64)

< 0.001

0.62 (0.49–0.78)

< 0.001

Mechanical ventilation

1.15 (0.98–1.36)

0.094

–

Glucocorticoids

1.93 (1.60–2.33)

< 0.001

1.48 (1.22–1.81)

< 0.001