Fig. 1
Effect of TCE on TTX-R INa. (A) A brief illustration showing chloral hydrate (CH) metabolism after absorption. CH is rapidly converted into trichloroethanol (TCE) and trichloroacetic acid by alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, respectively. TCE is conjugated with glucuronic acid and excreted through the kidneys. (B) a, Typical time courses of TTX-R INa amplitude before and during TCE application to small-sized TG neurons. TTX-R INa was elicited by electrical stimulation from a VH of − 80 mV to − 10 mV (100 ms duration) at 5 s intervals. The amplitudes of transient (black circles; INaT) and persistent (cyan circles; INaP) TTX-R INa were normalized to the first amplitude. b, Typical traces of TTX-R INa in the absence and presence of 3 mM TCE. Both INaT (scaled) and INaP are presented in expanded time and amplitude scales, respectively (insets). (C) a, The concentration-inhibition relationship of TCE for transient (black circles; INaT) and persistent (cyan circles; INaP) TTX-R INa. Continuous lines represent the best fit using the least squares method. Each point represents the mean and SEM from 6–9 experiments. b, The concentration-inhibition relationship of TCE for the weighted decay time constant (τWD) of TTX-R INa. Each point represents the mean and SEM from seven experiments. (D) a, A typical time course of slow voltage ramp-induced current (TTX-R IRamp) amplitude before and during TCE application to small-sized TG neurons. The TTX-R IRamp was elicited by slow voltage ramp stimulation from a VH of − 80 mV to + 10 mV (15 mV/s, every 20 s). b, Typical traces of TTX-R IRamp in the presence (a’) and absence (b’) of extracellular Na+. Subtraction (a’–b’) of two traces yields TTX-R IRamp without the capacitative current. c, Typical traces of TTX-R IRamp in the absence and presence of 3 mM TCE. (E) The concentration-inhibition relationship of TCE for TTX-R IRamp. The continuous line represents the best fit using the least squares method. Each point represents the mean and SEM from seven experiments