Table 1 Participant characteristics of the training set and the validation set
Variables | Training set (n = 512) | Validation set (n = 128) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
PSD | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 198 (38.7%) | 49 (38.3%) | 0.935 |
 Yes | 314 (61.3%) | 79 (61.7%) |  |
Age | 62.35 ± 7.72 | 63.14 ± 6.77 | 0.286 |
BMI | 23.69 ± 3.26 | 23.62 ± 3.23 | 0.851 |
Operation time | 88.63 ± 22.62 | 88.55 ± 21.62 | 0.972 |
Bleeding volume | 400(200) | 400(150) | 0.456* |
Rehydration volume | 1300(400) | 1300(500) | 0.288* |
Midazolam | 3(1) | 3(1) | 0.631* |
Sufentanil | 45(10) | 40(10) | 0.401* |
PACU residence time | 50(20) | 50(10) | 0.403* |
CRP | 15(7) | 15.5(7) | 0.956* |
VAS score | 3(2) | 3(2) | 0.899* |
SAS score | 47.72 ± 10.54 | 48.17 ± 10.92 | 0.669 |
Gender | Â | Â | Â |
 Male | 283 (55.3%) | 69 (53.9%) | 0.781 |
 Female | 229 (44.7%) | 59 (46.1%) |  |
ASA grade | Â | Â | Â |
 <III | 457 (89.3%) | 118 (92.2%) | 0.326 |
 ≥III | 55 (10.7%) | 10 (7.8%) |  |
Hypertension | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 292 (57%) | 75 (58.6%) | 0.749 |
 Yes | 220 (43%) | 53 (41.4%) |  |
Diabetes mellitus | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 397 (77.5%) | 104 (81.2%) | 0.362 |
 Yes | 115 (22.5%) | 24 (18.8%) |  |
Coronary heart disease | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 481 (93.9%) | 123 (96.1%) | 0.345 |
 Yes | 31 (6.1%) | 5 (3.9%) |  |
Cerebral infarction | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 486 (94.9%) | 121 (94.5%) | 0.858 |
 Yes | 26 (5.1%) | 7 (5.5%) |  |
OSAS | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 487 (95.1%) | 120 (93.8%) | 0.532 |
 Yes | 25 (4.9%) | 8 (6.2%) |  |
History of alcoholism | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 468 (91.4%) | 113 (88.3%) | 0.274 |
 Yes | 44 (8.6%) | 15 (11.7%) |  |
Surgical position | Â | Â | Â |
 Supine | 61 (11.9%) | 17 (13.3%) | 0.672 |
 Prone | 451 (88.1%) | 111 (86.7%) |  |
Surgical segment | Â | Â | Â |
 Single | 455 (88.9%) | 117 (91.4%) | 0.404 |
 Multi | 57 (11.1%) | 11 (8.6%) |  |
Preoperative sleep disorder | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 335 (65.4%) | 89 (69.5%) | 0.380 |
 Yes | 177 (34.6%) | 39 (30.5%) |  |
Sevoflurane | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 124 (24.2%) | 32 (25%) | 0.854 |
 Yes | 388 (75.8%) | 96 (75%) |  |
Dexmedetomidine | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 99 (19.3%) | 31 (24.2%) | 0.219 |
 Yes | 413 (80.7%) | 97 (75.8%) |  |
Vasoactive drugs | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 225 (43.9%) | 54 (42.2%) | 0.720 |
 Yes | 287 (56.1%) | 74 (57.8%) |  |
BIS monitoring | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 113 (22.1%) | 25 (19.5%) | 0.532 |
 Yes | 399 (77.9%) | 103 (80.5%) |  |
ESPB | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 338 (66%) | 82 (64.1%) | 0.677 |
 Yes | 174 (34%) | 46 (35.9%) |  |
PONV | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 426 (83.2%) | 102 (79.7%) | 0.349 |
 Yes | 86 (16.8%) | 26 (20.3%) |  |
POD | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 492 (96.1%) | 122 (95.3%) | 0.689 |
 Yes | 20 (3.9%) | 6 (4.7%) |  |
Satisfaction of ward environment | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 298 (58.2%) | 83 (64.8%) | 0.171 |
 Yes | 214 (41.8%) | 45 (35.2%) |  |