Table 1 Characteristics of included studies

Ledowski (2013) [24]

SC, POS

57

89

No restriction

110-400 mg

1.25–5 mg

4/1/3

Llauradó (2014) [25]

SC, POS

160

160

laparoscopic bariatric surgery

2 or 4 mg/kg

0.04 mg/kg

4/1/3

Ezri (2015) [15]

SC, ROS

112

67

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy

1.5-2 mg/kg

2.5 mg

4/1/3

Ünal (2015) [14]

SC, RCT

37

37

Treatment of OSA

2 mg/kg

0.04 mg/kg

/

Evron (2017) [17]

SC, RCT

32

25

laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy

2 mg/kg

2.5 mg

/

Alday (2019) [13]

SC, RCT

62

64

Major abdominal surgery

4 mg/kg

0.04 mg/kg

/

Çitil (2019)

SC, RCT

30

30

Lung Resection Surgery

2 mg/kg

0.05 mg/kg

/

Han^a (2020) [11]

SC, ROS/PS

616

616

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy

2 or 4 mg/kg

0.02–0.05 mg/kg

4/2/3

Kheterpal^a (2020) [10]

MC, ROS/PS

22,856

22,856

No restriction

1.8–4.4 mg/kg

NR

4/2/3

Krause^a (2020) [12]

SC, ROS/PS

3896

3420

No restriction

NR

NR

4/2/3

Lee  (2020) [19]

SC, RCT

37

36

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy

2-4 mg/kg

0.02–0.05 mg/kg

/

Moon (2020) [20]

SC, RCT

44

48

Thoracic operation

2 mg/kg

0.05 mg/kg

/

Togioka (2020) [9]

SC, RCT

100

100

No restriction

2 mg/kg

0.07 mg/kg

/

Goodner (2021) [29]

SC,ROS

117

154

No restriction

2.05 ± 0.92 mg/kg

0.042 ± 0.011 mg/kg

4/1/3

Ledowski (2021) [37]

MC,RCT

85

83

No restriction

2 mg/kg

0.05 mg/kg

/

Lee (2021) [21]

SC, RCT

46

47

VATS for lobectomy

2 mg/kg

0.05 mg/kg

/

Leslie (2021) [23]

MC,RCT

59

61

Abdominal, retroperitoneal, pelvic and non-cardiac intrathoracic surgery

NR

NR

/

Li (2021) [26]

SC, ROS

2691

7800

No restriction

NR

NR

4/1/3

Murphy (2021) [30]

SC,POS

97

100

Thoracoscopic surgery

4 mg/kg

0.07 mg/kg

4/2/3

Yu^a (2021) [27]

SC, ROS/PS

237

237

RALP

2 mg/kg

0.04 mg/kg

4/2/3

Cheng (2022) [28]

SC, ROS

215

118

da Vinci surgery

2 or 4 mg/kg

0.02–0.04 mg/kg

4/1/3