Table 1 Main patient characteristics and treatments

Age, y, mean ± SD

64 ± 11

63 ± 10

64 ± 11

0.49

Males, n (%)

439 (74.9)

38 (79.1)

401 (74.5)

0.49

BMI, kg/m², mean ± SD

30.2 ± 5.9

28.6 ± 5.8

30.3 ± 5.9

0.03

Chronic hypertension, n (%)

352 (60.0)

27 (56.2)

325 (60.4)

0.56

CCI, median [IQR]

1 [0–3]

1 [0–3]

1 [0–3]

0.87

Symptom onset to ICU admission, days, median [IQR]

8 [6–10]

7 [5–12]

8 [6–10]

0.68

Symptom onset to eMV initiation, days, median [IQR]

9 [7–12]

9 [7–16]

9 [7–12]

0.17

Antiviral treatment, n (%)

 - Lopinavir/ritonavir

 - Hydroxychloroquine

 - Macrolides

 - Remdesivir

43 (7.3)

153 (26.1)

173 (29.5)

27 (4.6)

1 (2.1)

1 (2.1)

8 (16.7)

0

42 (7.8)

152 (28.3)

165 (30.7)

27 (5.0)

0.14

< 0.001

0.04

0.11

Corticosteroids, n (%)

383 (65.3)

42 (87.5)

341 (63.4)

0.001

Corticosteroids within 48 h after ICU admission, n (%)

222 (37.8)

26 (54.1)

196 (36.4)

0.58

Symptom onset to corticosteroid initiation, days, median [IQR]

(N = 383)

7 [5–10]

7 [5–9]

7 [5–10]

0.09

Tocilizumab, n (%)

23 (3.9)

3

20

0.39

SOFA score^a, median [IQR]

6 [3–8]

6 [3–7]

6 [3–8]

0.41

V_T, mL/kg IBW, median [IQR]

6.3 [5.8–7.1]

6.3 [5.8–7.3]

6.3 [5.8–7.1]

0.62

Total PEEP (cmH₂O), median [IQR]

10 [8–12]

10 [6–13]

10 |8–12]

0.42

Plateau pressure (cmH₂O), median [IQR]

24 [20–26]

24 [20–28]

24 [20–26]

0.38

PaO₂/FiO₂, median [IQR]

106 [77–143]

100 [75–130]

106 [78–144]

0.20

Static compliance, mL/cmH₂O, median [IQR]

34 [28–44]

34 [24–46]

34 [28–44]

0.51

Neuromuscular blockade, n (%)

523 (89.2)

44

479

0.59

Inhaled nitric oxide, n (%)

22 (3.7)

0

22

0.15

Prone position, n (%)

489 (83.4)

44

445

0.11

VV-ECMO, n (%)

65 (11.1)

8

57

0.20