Table 2 Comparisons of demographic, preoperative, and intraoperative data between patients with and without intraoperative coughing before and after propensity score matching
Before propensity score matching | After propensity score matching | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patients with intraoperative coughing (n = 30) | Patients without intraoperative coughing (n = 1626) | P value | Patients with intraoperative coughing (n = 14) | Patients without intraoperative coughing (n = 398) | P value | |
Demographics | ||||||
Male sex | 14 (46.7%) | 740 (45.5%) | 1.000 | 7 (50.0%) | 171 (43.0%) | 0.804 |
Age (year) | 61.6 (48.2–67.9) | 58.7 (46.9–67.5) | 0.412 | 64.6 (56.9–68.6) | 59.0 (47.3–68.6) | 0.179 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.8 (21.4–27.6) | 24.4 (22.1–26.7) | 0.885 | 25.8 (21.8–28.1) | 25.3 (23.4–28.1) | 0.603 |
ASA physical status | 0.208 | 0.993 | ||||
1 | 3 (10.0%) | 336 (20.7) | 0.228 | 2 (14.3%) | 66 (16.6%) | 1.000 |
2 | 25 (83.3%) | 1157 (71.2%) | 0.144 | 11 (78.6%) | 305 (76.6%) | 1.000 |
3 | 2 (6.7%) | 119 (7.3%) | 1.000 | 1 (7.1%) | 26(6.5%) | 1.000 |
4 | 0 (0.0%) | 13 (0.8%) | 1.000 | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.3%) | 1.000 |
5 | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.1%) | 1.000 | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | NA |
Comorbidity | ||||||
Hypertension | 12 (40.0%) | 526 (32.3%) | 0.490 | 6 (42.9%) | 135 (33.9%) | 0.569 |
Diabetes mellitus | 8 (26.7%) | 226 (13.9%) | 0.060 | 4 (28.6%) | 61 (15.3%) | 0.251 |
Asthma | 0 (0.0%) | 23 (1.4%) | 1.000 | 0 (0.0%) | 9 (2.3%) | 1.000 |
COPD | 1 (3.3%) | 19 (1.2%) | 0.308 | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (1.3%) | 1.000 |
Smoking | 2 (6.7%) | 289 (17.8%) | 0.180 | 1 (7.1%) | 76 (19.1%) | 0.483 |
Obesity | 0 (0.0%) | 114 (7.0%) | 0.262 | 0 (0.0%) | 46 (11.6%) | 0.383 |
Cardiac disease | 5 (16.7%) | 118 (7.3%) | 0.066 | 3 (21.4%) | 36 (9.0%) | 0.137 |
Pulmonary disease | 3 (10.0%) | 85 (5.2%) | 0.211 | 0 (0.0%) | 23 (5.8%) | 1.000 |
Hepatic disease | 4 (13.3%) | 97 (6.0%) | 0.106 | 1 (7.1%) | 34 (8.5%) | 1.000 |
Renal disease | 4 (13.3%) | 78 (4.8%) | 0.057 | 2 (14.3%) | 17 (4.3%) | 0.132 |
Surgery | ||||||
Type | 0.235 | 0.257 | ||||
Cranial | 24 (80.0%) | 1123 (69.1%) | 11 (78.6%) | 238 (59.8%) | ||
Spinal | 6 (20.0%) | 503 (30.9%) | 3 (1.8%) | 160 (40.2%) | ||
Position | 0.054 | 0.201 | ||||
Supine | 24 (80.0%) | 1078 (66.3%) | 0.167 | 11 (78.6%) | 235 (59.0%) | 0.253 |
Prone | 4 (13.3%) | 507 (31.2%) | 0.058 | 2 (14.3%) | 148 (37.2%) | 0.142 |
Lateral | 2 (6.7%) | 41 (2.5%) | 0.404 | 1 (7.1%) | 15 (3.8%) | 0.431 |
Duration (min) | 220.0 (170.0-299.0) | 168.0 (106.8–255.0) | 0.006 | 231.5 (193.3–320.0) | 170.5 (105.0-255.0) | 0.015 |
Duration > 200.5 min | 619 (38.1%) | 19 (63.3%) | 0.005 | 155 (38.9%) | 11 (78.6%) | 0.003 |
Anesthesia | ||||||
BIS monitoring | 11 (36.7%) | 651 (40.0%) | 0.851 | 2 (14.3%) | 161 (40.5%) | 0.091 |
BIS value | 46.3 (34.7–59.1) | 38.4 (29.8–45.2) | 0.069 | 45.6 (45.5, 45.6)* | 38.5 (28.6–43.5) | NA |
fEMG (dB) | 34.3 (28.1–38.2) | 27.9 (26.5–31.2) | 0.007 | 47.5 (45.9, 49.0)* | 27.8 (26.4–32.1) | NA |
Ce | ||||||
Propofol (µg/kg) | 3.5 (3.0-4.2) | 3.5 (3.0–4.0) | 0.747 | 4.0 (2.9–4.6) | 3.5 (2.5-4.0) | 0.139 |
Remifentanil (ng/kg) | 3.9 (3.0-4.6) | 3.5 (2.8-4.0) | 0.242 | 3.9 (3.0–6.0) | 3.5 (2.8-5.0) | 0.184 |
Ventilation | ||||||
PIP (cmH2O) | 20.6 (18.0-23.2) | 18.4 (16.8–20.9) | 0.003 | 22.9 (22.0-24.3) | 21.4 (19.0–23.0) | 0.007 |
PIP > 21.6 cmH2O | 14 (46.7%) | 304 (18.7%) | < 0.001 | 13 (92.9%) | 193 (48.5%) | 0.003 |
PEEP (cmH2O) | 5.1 (5.0-5.6) | 5.0 (5.0–6.0) | 0.553 | 5.4 (4.9–8.2) | 5.1 (5.0–8.0) | 0.719 |
TV/PBW (mL/kg) | 7.8 (7.3–8.6) | 7.5 (7.0-7.9) | 0.006 | 8.0 (7.4-9.0) | 7.6 (7.2–8.7) | 0.047 |
TV/PBW > 7.9 mL/kg | 14 (46.7%) | 370 (22.8%) | 0.004 | 8 (57.1%) | 111 (27.9%) | 0.031 |