Table 1 Patient characteristics and intraoperative parameters

Age (year)

55.98 ± 13.59

60.18 ± 13.23

0.141

Body weight (kg)

67.5 (59.35–75.05)

63 (56.6–72.5)

0.154

Gender

0.612

 Female

11 (24.4%)

9 (20%)

 Male

34 (75.6%)

36 (80%)

ASA

0.186

 1

5 (11.1%)

1 (2.2%)

 2

23 (51.1%)

29 (64.4%)

 3

17 (37.8%)

15 (33.3%)

Duration of surgery (min)

273 (189.5–372.5)

308 (165.5–387)

0.738

Duration of anaesthesia (min)

334 (234.5–450)

376 (251–446)

0.678

Intraoperative morphine used per body weight (mg.kg-1)

0.105 (0.091–0.150)

0.119 (0.095–0.161)

0.36

Intraoperative remifentanil (bolus) used per body weight (mg.kg-1)

0.001 (0–0.002)

0 (0–0.001)

0.04 (> 0.1)

Intraoperative remifentanil-IV (infusion) used per body weight (µg.kg min-1)

0.10 (0.10–0.15)

0.10 (0.08–0.15)

0.893

Intraoperative Ketamine used per body weight (mg.kg-1)

0.489 (0.439–0.511)

0.423 (0.299–0.500)

0.068

Intraoperative morphine (mg)

8 (6-9)

8 (6-10)

0.845

Intraoperative remifentanil (bolus) (mg)

0.07 (0–0.1)

0 (0–0.068)

0.037 (> 0.1)

Intraoperative Ketamine (mg)

30 (25-35)

25 (20-30)

0.027 (> 0.1)

Levobupivacaine (Bolus) (mg)

50 [0–100]

100 [15–100]

0.409

Levobupivacaine per body weight (Bolus) (mg.kg-1)

1.29 [0–1.67]

1.39 [0.76–1.64]

0.371

Blood loss (ml)

387.5 (162.5–962.75)

500 (75–870)

0.99

Types of liver surgery

0.012 (> 0.1)

Hepatectomy (Right or left)

17 (37.8%)

27 (60%)

Segmentectomy

3 (6.7%)

8 (17.8%)

Wedge resection

20 (44.4%)

9 (20%)

Others

5 (11.1%)

1 (2.2%)