Effects of dexmedetomidine on postoperative sleep quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Table 2 Subgroup analysis stratified by severity of illness

	Subgroup	Sample size		Weight (%)	MD with [95%CI]	Z	I²(%)	P value
	Subgroup	DEX	Control	Weight (%)	MD with [95%CI]	Z	I²(%)	P value
SEI	ICU	64	65	35.5	9.98 [3.48, 16.47]	3.01	0	0.003
SEI	Non-ICU	143	109	64.5	11.64 [-0.39, 23.66]	1.90	98	0.06
AI	ICU	64	65	21.9	-1.27 [-2.73, 0.18]	1.72	0	0.09
AI	Non-ICU	143	109	78.1	-2.51 [-4.17, -0.86]	2.98	96	0.003
N1	ICU	64	65	37.6	-8.09 [-14.93, -1.26]	2.32	0	0.02
N1	Non-ICU	95	61	62.4	-12.88 [-26.83, 1.08]	1.81	99	0.07
N2	ICU	64	65	24.4	7.21 [-7.88, 22.30]	0.94	39	0.35
N2	Non-ICU	95	61	75.6	17.82 [13.53, 22.12]	0.13	79	< 0.00001
N3	ICU	64	65	0	NE	NA	NA	NA
N3	Non-ICU	95	61	100	-2.09 [-7.51, 3.33]	0.76	92	0.45
REM	ICU	33	35	30.6	0 [-0.04, 0.04]	0	NA	1
REM	Non-ICU	143	109	69.4	-0.34 [-2.32, 1.64]	0.33	92	0.74

SEI, sleep efficiency index; AI, arousal index; N1, stage 1 of non-rapid eye movement sleep; N2, stage 2 of non-rapid eye movement sleep; N3, stage 3 of non-rapid eye movement sleep; REM, rapid eye movement sleep; MD, mean difference; CI, confidence interval; NE, not estimable; NA, not applicable

ISSN: 1471-2253