Characteristic | Original cohort | Â | Â | Â | Matched cohort | Â | Â |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | MAP (60–65 mmHg) | MAP (> 65 mmHg) | SMD |  | MAP (60–65 mmHg) | MAP (> 65 mmHg) | SMD |
 | (n = 1305) | (n = 12,726) |  |  | (n = 1301) | (n = 1301) |  |
female,n (%) | 692 (53) | 5805 (45.6) | 0.149 | Â | 689 (53) | 716 (55) | 0.042 |
Age (years) | 72.1 ± 14.8 | 66.5 ± 16.4 | 0.359 |  | 72.0 ± 14.8 | 71.4 ± 14.0 | 0.047 |
Service unit, n (%) | Â | Â | 0.257 | Â | Â | Â | 0.031 |
MICU | 782 (59.9) | 6235 (49) | Â | Â | 779 (59.9) | 762 (58.6) | Â |
SICU/TSICU | 225 (17.2) | 3426 (26.9) | Â | Â | 225 (17.3) | 239 (18.4) | Â |
CCU/CSRU | 298 (22.8) | 3065 (24.1) | Â | Â | 297 (22.8) | 300 (23.1) | Â |
Weight (kg) | 78.1 ± 23.9 | 81.1 ± 25.3 | 0.123 |  | 78.1 ± 23.9 | 77.5 ± 22.5 | 0.025 |
Vital signs | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Heart rate (bpm) | 85.8 ± 16.5 | 88.6 ± 16.4 | 0.176 |  | 85.7 ± 16.5 | 86.0 ± 16.5 | 0.013 |
Respiratory ate (bpm) | 20.2 ± 4.5 | 19.8 ± 4.4 | 0.094 |  | 20.2 ± 4.5 | 20.5 ± 4.6 | 0.05 |
Temperature (℃) | 36.8 ± 0.7 | 36.9 ± 0.7 | 0.168 |  | 36.8 ± 0.7 | 36.8 ± 0.7 | 0.018 |
SpO2 (%) | 96.6 ± 3.8 | 97.0 ± 2.6 | 0.138 |  | 96.6 ± 3.8 | 96.5 ± 3.8 | 0.027 |
Severity of illness | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Sofa | 5.0 (4.0, 8.0) | 5.0 (3.0, 7.0) | 0.262 | Â | 5.0 (4.0, 8.0) | 5.0 (4.0, 8.0) | 0.018 |
SapsII | 45.6 ± 14.4 | 40.1 ± 13.9 | 0.384 |  | 45.5 ± 14.2 | 45.3 ± 15.4 | 0.013 |
Oasis | 35.5 ± 8.7 | 34.5 ± 8.7 | 0.12 |  | 35.5 ± 8.7 | 35.4 ± 9.4 | 0.007 |
Comorbidities, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
CHF | 379 (29) | 2934 (23.1) | 0.137 | Â | 377 (29) | 379 (29.1) | 0.003 |
Cardiac arrhythmias | 388 (29.7) | 3062 (24.1) | 0.128 | Â | 387 (29.7) | 375 (28.8) | 0.02 |
Hypertension | 234 (17.9) | 1761 (13.8) | 0.112 | Â | 233 (17.9) | 232 (17.8) | 0.002 |
Stroke | 38 (2.9) | 493 (3.9) | 0.053 | Â | 38 (2.9) | 47 (3.6) | 0.039 |
COPD | 289 (22.1) | 2725 (21.4) | 0.018 | Â | 287 (22.1) | 276 (21.2) | 0.021 |
Diabetes mellitus | 403 (30.9) | 3574 (28.1) | 0.061 | Â | 403 (31) | 410 (31.5) | 0.012 |
Renal failure | 303 (23.2) | 2125 (16.7) | 0.164 | Â | 302 (23.2) | 305 (23.4) | 0.005 |
Liver disease | 138 (10.6) | 1016 (8) | 0.089 | Â | 137 (10.5) | 120 (9.2) | 0.044 |
Malignancy | 185 (14.2) | 1316 (10.3) | 0.117 | Â | 181 (13.9) | 158 (12.1) | 0.053 |
Coagulopathy | 305 (23.4) | 2182 (17.1) | 0.155 | Â | 304 (23.4) | 305 (23.4) | 0.002 |
ELS, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
RRT use (hours) | 465 (35.6) | 6556 (51.5) | 0.325 | Â | 465 (35.7) | 448 (34.4) | 0.027 |
MV use (hours) | 90 (6.9) | 606 (4.8) | 0.091 | Â | 90 (6.9) | 86 (6.6) | 0.012 |
Vasopressor use (hours) | 247 (18.9) | 2121 (16.7) | 0.059 | Â | 246 (18.9) | 235 (18.1) | 0.022 |
Laboratory tests | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
WBC (109/L) | 13.2 (9.1, 18.7) | 13.1 (9.3, 18.2) | 0.029 | Â | 13.2 (9.1, 18.7) | 12.9 (9.1, 18.3) | 0.004 |
Hemoglobin(g/dL) | 9.4 ± 1.8 | 9.9 ± 2.1 | 0.283 |  | 9.4 ± 1.8 | 9.4 ± 2.0 | 0.008 |
Platelet (109/L) | 183.0 (112.0, 261.0) | 184.0 (121.0, 259.0) | 0.022 | Â | 183.0 (112.0, 261.0) | 180.0 (118.0, 258.0) | 0.001 |
Hematocrit (%) | 28.1 ± 5.4 | 29.4 ± 6.1 | 0.227 |  | 28.1 ± 5.4 | 28.1 ± 5.9 | 0.001 |
INR | 1.5 (1.2, 2.0) | 1.3 (1.2, 1.7) | 0.151 | Â | 1.5 (1.2, 2.0) | 1.4 (1.2, 1.9) | 0.009 |
PT (seconds) | 15.8 (13.9, 19.6) | 14.8 (13.4, 17.4) | 0.198 | Â | 15.8 (13.9, 19.6) | 15.3 (13.7, 19.3) | 0.008 |
APTT (seconds) | 36.5 (29.6, 52.0) | 33.3 (27.9, 45.3) | 0.14 | Â | 36.5 (29.6, 52.0) | 35.7 (28.8, 52.5) | 0.003 |
Bun (mg/dL) | 34.0 (21.0, 54.0) | 25.0 (16.0, 41.0) | 0.333 | Â | 34.0 (21.0, 54.0) | 33.0 (20.0, 53.0) | 0.039 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.5 (1.0, 2.5) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.9) | 0.209 | Â | 1.5 (1.0, 2.5) | 1.5 (1.0, 2.6) | 0.004 |
Potassium (mmol/L) | 3.8 (3.4, 4.3) | 3.7 (3.4, 4.1) | 0.192 | Â | 3.8 (3.4, 4.3) | 3.8 (3.4, 4.2) | 0.016 |
Sodium (mmol/L) | 135.5 ± 6.3 | 136.4 ± 5.6 | 0.159 |  | 135.5 ± 6.3 | 135.5 ± 7.2 | 0.001 |
Bicarbonate (mmol/L) | 20.9 ± 5.5 | 21.9 ± 5.3 | 0.192 |  | 20.9 ± 5.5 | 20.8 ± 5.5 | 0.012 |
pH | 7.4 ± 0.1 | 7.4 ± 0.1 | 0.102 |  | 7.4 ± 0.1 | 7.4 ± 0.1 | 0.012 |
PO2 (mmHg) | 102.0 (70.0, 176.0) | 116.0 (77.0, 209.0) | 0.158 | Â | 103.0 (70.0, 176.0) | 99.0 (70.0, 163.0) | 0.039 |
PCO2 (mmHg) | 41.2 ± 12.0 | 41.9 ± 12.2 | 0.059 |  | 41.2 ± 12.0 | 40.7 ± 11.9 | 0.043 |
Lac (mmol/L) | 2.2 (1.5, 3.5) | 2.2 (1.4, 3.5) | 0.056 | Â | 2.2 (1.5, 3.5) | 2.2 (1.4, 3.7) | 0.028 |
Anion gap (mmol/L) | 16.0 (14.0, 20.0) | 16.0 (13.0, 19.0) | 0.131 | Â | 16.0 (14.0, 20.0) | 16.0 (14.0, 20.0) | 0.026 |