Table 1 Patient characteristics and preoperative risk factors
Characteristic, n (%) | Period 1 n = 263 | Period 2 n = 271 | p value1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, y, mean (95%CI) | 71 (70–72) | 73 (71–74) | 0.09 | |
Sex, male, % | 63.5 | 63.1 | 0.92 | |
Body mass index [kg/m2], mean (95%CI) | 28 (27–28) | 28 (27–28) | 0.53 | |
ASA score > 2 | 207 (79) | 182 (71) | 0.04 | |
Bridging indications | Atrial fibrillation | 217 (83) | 206 (76) | 0.064 |
Past thromboembolic events | 31 (12) | 25 (9) | 0.33 | |
Heart valve replacement | 22 (9) | 21 (8) | 0.79 | |
Thrombophilia | 9 (3) | 16 (6) | 0.18 | |
Risk of thromboembolism | low | 136 (52) | 152 (56) | 0.57 |
moderate | 75 (29) | 68 (25) | ||
high | 52 (20) | 51 (19) | ||
Risk of bleeding | HAS-BLED score, mean (95%CI) | 3.0 (2.9–3.2) | 3.1 (2.9–3.2) | 0.61 |
high bleeding risk [HAS-BLED score > 2] | 173 (66) | 185 (69) | 0.54 | |
Procedure specific risk of bleeding | minimal (category 1) | 0 | 0 | 0.86 |
mild (category 2) | 121 (46) | 133 (50) | ||
moderate (category 3) | 90 (34) | 87 (32) | ||
major (category 4) | 40 (15) | 37 (14) | ||
critical (category 5) | 12 (5) | 14 (5) | ||
Cardio-vascular risk factors | Hypertension | 219 (83) | 213 (79) | 0.17 |
Congestive heart failure | 88 (34) | 52 (19) | < .001 | |
Coronary heart disease/arterial occlusive disease | 89 (34) | 67 (25) | 0.02 | |
Chronic renal insufficiency ≥ stage III (GFR < 60 ml/min) | 97 (37) | 85 (31) | 0.18 | |
Diabetes mellitus | 79 (30) | 75 (28) | 0.55 | |