Table 1 Overview of included studies’ characteristics
Author (year) | Sample size | ESP block | CTRL block | Postoperative analgesia | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ESPB | CTRL | Timing | LA | Volume (ml) | Location | |||
Zhang (2020) [25] | 30 | 30 | Pre-induction | 0.3% ropivacaine | 25 + 25 | T12 | Ultrasound scan | Morphine PCIA |
Singh (2020) [26] | 20 | 20 | Pre-induction | 0.5% bupivacaine | 20 + 20 | T10 | No block | Diclofenac, morphine |
Zhang (2021a) [27] | 30 | 30 | Pre-induction | 0.4% ropivacaine | 20 + 20 | L3 | Subcutaneous infiltration (1 ml 1% lidocaine) | Sufentanil PCIA |
Goel (2021) [28] | 50 | 50 | Post-induction | 0.25% bupivacaine | 20 + 20 | Surgical level | No block | Paracetamol, Ketorolac, pregabalin capsule, fentanyl |
Wahdan (2021) [29] | 70 | 70 | Post-induction | 0.25% levobupivacaine | 20 + 20 | Operating level | 20 ml of normal 0.9% saline | Ketorolac, morphine PCIA |
Zhang (2021b) [30] | 30 | 29 | Pre-induction | 0.3% ropivacaine | 25 + 25 | T10 | No block | Morphine PCIA |
Yayik (2019) [31] | 30 | 30 | Pre-induction | 0.25% bupivacaine | 20 + 20 | L3 | No block | Tramadol PCIA |
Yeşiltaş (2021) [32] | 28 | 28 | Intraoperative freehand | 0.25% bupivacaine and 1.0% lidocaine | 20 + 20 | Spinal instrumented levels | 20 ml physiological saline | Paracetamol, morphine PCIA |
Eskin (2020) [33] | 40 | 40 | Post-induction | 0.25% bupivacaine | 20 + 20 | T12-L5 | No block | Paracetamol, dexketoprofen, tramadol PCIA |
EI Ghamry (2019) [34] | 30 | 30 | Pre-induction | 0.25% bupivacaine | 20 + 20 | L3 | No block | Paracetamol, ketorolac, morphine |
Ciftci (2020) [35] | 30 | 30 | Post-induction | 0.25% bupivacaine | 20 + 20 | L3 | No block | Fentanyl PCIA, meperidine |