Table 3 Primary and secondary outcomes in the included patients

PPC within 7 days

124 / 326 (38.0)

52 / 157 (33.1)

72 / 169 (42.6)

−9.48 (− 19.86 to 1.05)^a

0.076

−10.36 (− 20.52 to − 0.20)^a

0.046

 Pneumonia

12 / 327 (3.7)

6 / 158 (3.8)

6 / 169 (3.6)

0.25 (− 4.02 to 4.64)^a

0.906

0.12 (−3.98 to 4.22)^a

0.954

 Respiratory failure

54 / 327 (16.5)

21 / 158 (13.3)

33 / 169 (19.5)

−6.24 (−14.26 to 1.81)^a

0.126

−6.71 (− 14.66 to 1.25)^a

0.098

 Pleural effusion

31 / 326 (9.5)

15 / 158 (9.5)

16 / 168 (9.5)

− 0.03 (− 6.48 to 6.49)^a

0.993

−0.31 (−6.61 to 5.99)^a

0.924

 Atelectasis

84 / 327 (25.7)

36 / 157 (22.9)

48 / 170 (28.2)

−5.31 (−14.70 to 4.18)^a

0.270

−6.09 (−15.40 to 3.23)^a

0.199

 Pneumothorax

0 / 327 (0.0)

0 / 158 (0.0)

0 / 169 (0.0)

–

–

–

–

 Bronchospasm

5 / 327 (1.5)

2 / 158 (1.3)

3 / 169 (1.8)

−0.51 (−3.57 to 2.48)^a

0.706

− 0.51 (− 3.20 to 2.19)^a

0.711

 Pulmonary congestion

6 / 327 (1.8)

2 / 158 (1.3)

4 / 169 (2.4)

−1.10 (−4.43 to 2.02)^a

0.454

−1.20 (− 4.14 to 1.75)^a

0.424

 Unplanned NIV or IMV

7 / 327 (2.1)

3 / 158 (1.9)

4 / 169 (2.4)

−0.47 (−3.93 to 2.98)^a

0.769

−0.43 (−3.55 to 2.69)^a

0.786

PPC during hospital stay

128 / 324 (39.5)

53 / 157 (33.8)

75 / 167 (44.9)

−11.15 (−21.60 to −0.52)^a

0.039

− 12.13 (− 22.35 to − 1.91)^a

0.020

Pulmonary embolism

2 / 324 (0.6)

1 / 158 (0.6)

1 / 166 (0.6)

0.03 (−2.16 to 2.31)^a

0.972

0.07 (−1.63 to 1.77)^a

0.933

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

0 / 324 (0.0)

0 / 158 (0.0)

0 / 166 (0.0)

–

–

–

–

SIRS

1 / 326 (0.3)

0 / 157 (0.0)

1 / 169 (0.6)

−0.60 (−1.80 to 0.62)^a

0.336

−0.58 (−1.78 to 0.63)^a

0.347

Sepsis

11 / 327 (3.4)

7 / 158 (4.4)

4 / 169 (2.4)

2.06 (−1.92 to 6.45)^a

0.305

2.22 (−1.72 to 6.16)^a

0.269

Acute kidney injury

24 / 228 (10.5)

11 / 115 (9.6)

13 / 113 (11.5)

−1.94 (− 10.14 to 6.15)^a

0.633

− 1.60 (−9.61 to 6.42)^a

0.695

 Risk

18 / 228 (7.9)

8 / 115 (7.0)

10 / 113 (8.8)

 Injury

1 / 228 (0.4)

1 / 115 (0.9)

0 / 113 (0.0)

 Failure

5 / 228 (2.2)

2 / 115 (1.7)

3 / 113 (2.7)

Wound infection

6 / 325 (1.8)

3 / 158 (1.9)

3 / 167 (1.8)

0.10 (−3.13 to 3.44)^a

0.945

−0.09 (−3.00 to 2.83)^a

0.952

Intraoperative need of vasopressor

269 / 322 (83.5)

130 / 156 (83.3)

139 / 166 (83.7)

−0.40 (−8.59 to 7.72)^a

0.923

−0.80 (−8.85 to 7.25)^a

0.845

Unplanned ICU admission

15 / 320 (4.7)

8 / 155 (5.2)

7 / 165 (4.2)

0.92 (−3.85 to 5.87)^a

0.698

1.03 (−3.62 to 5.69)^a

0.663

Need for MET call

26 / 327 (8.0)

12 / 158 (7.6)

14 / 169 (8.3)

−0.69 (−6.66 to 5.33)^a

0.818

−0.78 (−6.62 to 5.06)^a

0.793

 In ICU (hours)

27.3 ± 33.6

29.4 ± 31.8

26.0 ± 35.1

3.36 (−15.09 to 21.82)^b

0.716

6.51 (−12.04 to 25.06)^b

0.484

 Median (IQR)

15 (13 to 27)

17 (12 to 28)

15 (13 to 20)

 In hospital (days)

6.7 ± 6.0

7.0 ± 6.4

6.4 ± 5.7

0.64 (−0.66 to 1.96)^b

0.333

0.54 (−0.72 to 1.81)^b

0.399

 Median (IQR)

5 (3 to 8)

5 (3 to 8)

4 (3 to 7)

In-hospital mortality

5 / 328 (1.5)

3 / 158 (1.9)

2 / 170 (1.2)

0.72 (−1.95 to 3.39)^a

0.595

0.78 (− 1.86 to 3.42)^a

0.562