Fig. 1

Experimental protocol for bolus injections of dexmedetomidine and reversal. Bolus injections were followed by a 10-min pause for dexmedetomidine to equilibrate. The 10-min waiting period also allows for washout of residual isoflurane. At the end of the 10-min equilibration period, the dexmedetomidine dosage should be approximately what was injected. At this time the rats received an injection of either saline, atipamezole, caffeine or atipamezole with caffeine