Table 1 Patient characteristics and laboratory parameters of the study population

Age, years, median (IQR)

65 (53–74)

68 (59–78) *

70 (63–78) *

0.024

Male sex, n (%)

53 (50.5)

312 (56.5)

51 (53.1)

0.47

BMI

23.0 (20.2–25.4)

22.0 (19.4–25.3)

23.3 (19.5–25.6)

0.20

 Anticoagulation therapy

8 (7.6)

34 (6.2)

14 (14.6) †

0.015

 CKD with dialysis

2 (1.9)

43 (7.8)

11 (11.5) *

0.030

 Diabetes mellitus

21 (20.0)

157 (28.4)

32 (33.3)

0.093

 Chronic liver disease

15 (14.3)

47 (8.5)

8 (8.3)

0.16

 Hypertension

41 (39.1)

281 (50.9)

57 (59.4) *

0.014

0.12

 Abdomen

46 (43.8)

308 (55.8)

41 (42.7)

 Thorax

24 (22.9)

112 (20.3)

25 (26.0)

 Urinary tract

6 (5.7)

23 (4.2)

4 (4.2)

 Other

29 (27.6)

109 (19.8)

26 (27.1)

 Magnesium, mg/dL

1.4 (1.3–1.5)

2.0 (1.8–2.2) *

2.7 (2.5–2.9) * †

< 0.001

 Albumin, mg/dL

2.4 (1.9–2.9)

2.4 (2.0–2.8)

2.3 (2.1–2.8)

0.84

 Bilirubin, mg/dL

0.92 (0.64–1.57)

0.85 (0.59–1.40)

0.72 (0.50–1.29) *

0.049

 Creatinine, mg/dL

1.51 (0.83–2.20)

1.00 (0.67–1.96) *

1.72 (0.93–3.82) †

< 0.001

 CRP, mg/dL

9.5 (5.0–16.0)

13.7 (5.9–23.5) *

13.4 (7.7–21.1) *

0.019

 Ionized calcium, mmol/L

0.99 (0.92–1.07)

1.06 (1.0–1.11) *

1.06 (0.98–1.16) *

< 0.001

 Lactate, mmol/L

3.9 (2.2–6.1)

2.1 (1.3–3.3) *

2.1 (1.4–3.6) *

< 0.001

 Mechanical ventilation

91 (86.7)

453 (82.1)

81 (84.4)

0.48

 Renal replacement therapy

34 (32.4)

112 (20.3) *

35 (36.5) †

< 0.001

 SOFA score on ICU admission, median (IQR)

9 (6–11)

7 (4–9) *

9 (6–11) †

< 0.001

 APACHE II score, median (IQR)

25 (20–33)

23 (17–29) *

27 (20–33) †

< 0.001

 Septic shock, n (%)

74 (70.1)

233 (42.3) *

44 (45.8) *

< 0.001

 PaO₂/F_IO₂ ratio, median (IQR)

259 (155–340)

268 (173–363)

237 (155–360)

0.29

 ISTH score, median (IQR)

4 (3–5)

3 (2–4) *

3 (2–4) *

< 0.001

 DIC, n (%)

44 (41.9)

114 (20.7) *

23 (24.0) *

< 0.001

 Hospital mortality, n (%)

27 (25.7)

78 (14.1) *

24 (25.0) †

0.002