Sedative effect and safety of different doses of S-ketamine in combination with propofol during gastro-duodenoscopy in school-aged children: a prospective, randomized study

Table 3 Analysis of hemodynamic parameters and BIS value

	Group P (n = 30)	Group S_0.3 (n = 29)	Group S_0.5 (n = 30)	Group S_0.7 (n = 30)
Heart rate (beats min⁻¹)
T₀: Before induction	92.15 ± 16.60	91.72 ± 16.64	90.71 ± 13.23	91.6 ± 12.35
T₁: 1 min after induction	84.41 ± 11.78*	83.5 ± 14.16*	92.62 ± 13.47	89.84 ± 14.70
T₅: 5 min during the procedure	86.33 ± 14.10	92.89 ± 15.68^†	93.81 ± 17.42	88.56 ± 11.99
T₁₀: 10 min during the procedure	87.59 ± 15.78	87.72 ± 14.37	89.67 ± 14.65	87.96 ± 13.95
Mean artery pressure (mmHg)
T₀: Before induction	77.70 ± 10.85	79.39 ± 8.85	79.19 ± 8.73	76.56 ± 8.41
T₁: 1 min after induction	68.22 ± 7.21*	70.89 ± 9.24*	74.86 ± 6.00 ^SS	72.88 ± 6.72
T₅: 5 min during the procedure	69.96 ± 12.39*	78.39 ± 11.84^†	77.52 ± 9.30	71.92 ± 7.55
T₁₀: 10 min during the procedure	69 ± 10.84*	66.39 ± 16.96*^‡	75.57 ± 10.29	70.8 ± 6.16
BIS value
T₁: 1 min after induction	55.00 ± 15.04	61.59 ± 15.19	58.19 ± 12.54	66.40 ± 16.38^SS
T_5: 5 min during the procedure	58.54 ± 12.99	74.06 ± 10.58^†SS	68.48 ± 10.39^†SS	74.52 ± 10.18^†SS
T₁₀: 10 min during the procedure	60.69 ± 13.38	69.06 ± 10.74	68.9 ± 11.12^†	71.48 ± 11.54^SS

Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation
BIS Bispectral index
^*P < 0.05 vs. Before induction. ^†P < 0.05 vs. 1 min after induction. ^‡P < 0.05 vs. 5 min during the procedure. ^SSP < 0.05 vs. Group P

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