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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population

From: Hepatic vein Doppler in critically ill patients: a reflection of central venous pressure or right ventricular systolic function?

Categories

All patients (n = 204)

CVP ≤ 5 (n = 40)

CVP 6–9 (n = 110)

CVP ≥ 10 (n = 54)

p

Age (yr)

62 (50, 71)

61 (52, 69)

63 (50, 71)

62 (50, 72)

0.968

Sex (male, %)

125 (61.3%)

24 (40.0%)

71 (64.5%)

30 (55.6%)

0.531

APACHEII

21 (16, 27)

21 (17, 26)

20 (15, 25)

21 (17, 26)

0.208

SOFA

11 (9, 14)

10 (8, 12)

11 (9, 13)

13 (10, 16)

0.019b

Diagnosis (n, %)

 Shock

91 (44.6%)

9 (22.5%)

51 (46.4%)

31 (57.4%)

0.003b

 Respiratory failure

33 (16.2%)

7 (17.5%)

19 (17.3%)

7 (13.0%)

0.756

Comorbidities (n, %)

 HTN

83 (40.7%)

15 (37.5%)

44 (39.1%)

24 (44.4%)

0.777

 DM

68 (23.3%)

13 (32.5%)

39 (35.5%)

16 (29.6%)

0.753

 CAD

47 (23.0%)

9 (22.5%)

29 (26.4%)

9 (16.7%)

0.381

 CKD

8 (3.9%)

1 (2.5%)

5 (4.5%)

2 (3.7%)

0.846

 COPD

9 (4.4%)

1 (2.5%)

7 (6.4%)

1 (1.9%)

0.336

 MV (n, %)

159 (77.9%)

18 (45.0%)

92 (83.6%)

49 (90.7%)

< 0.001b b, C

*Fluid administration (ml)

3430 (2388, 4236)

2938 (2301, 4361)

3430 (2535, 4147) 707)

3561 (2213, 4279)

0.608

Vasopressor (n, %)

136 (66.7%)

19 (47.5%)

72 (65.5%)

45 (83.3%)

0.001b

Scr (μmol/L)

93 (67, 152)

94 (65, 150)

87 (68, 137)

94 (64, 178)

0.396

CVVH (n, %)

37 (18.1%)

6 (15.0%)

18 (16.4%)

13 (24.1%)

0.411

ICU stay (day)

7 (4, 12)

7 (5, 15)

6 (4, 15)

6 (3, 10)

0.362

ICU mortality (n, %)

35 (17.2%)

2 (5.0%)

20 (18.2%)

13 (24.1%)

0.048b

  1. APACHE acute physiology and chronic health evaluation, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment, HR heart rate, HTN hypertension, DM diabetes mellitus, CAD coronary arterial disease, CKD chronic kidney disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure, Pplat plateau pressure, Scr serum creatinine, CVVH continuous veno-venous hemofiltration, ICU intensive care unit
  2. *fluid administered within 24 hours before echo examination
  3. aCVP ≤ 5 vs. CVP 6–9, p < 0.05
  4. bCVP ≤ 5 vs. CVP ≥ 10, p < 0.05
  5. cCVP 6–9 vs. CVP ≥ 10, p < 0.05