From: Effect of tracheal tube cuff inflation with alkalinized lidocaine versus air on hemodynamic responses during extubation and post-operative airway morbidities in children: prospective observational cohort study, Ethiopia
Heart rate (Bpm)
Air group
(Mean ± SD)
Lidocaine group
*P-value
5 min before extubation
115 ± 7
110 ± 9
0.036*a
5 min after extubation
122 ± 9
107 ± 6
< 0.001*a