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Table 1 Baseline characteristics between high and low FB groups

From: Association between fluid balance and mortality for heart failure and sepsis: a propensity score-matching analysis

Variables

Total (n = 936)

High FB (n = 349)

Low FB (n = 587)

p

Age (years)

71.59 ± 14.27

73.37 ± 14.65

70.54 ± 13.94

0.003

Gender, male, n (%)

489 (52.24)

173 (49.57)

316 (53.83)

0.207

Weight (kg)

81.03 ± 24.03

75.02 ± 19.93

84.60 ± 25.52

< 0.001

Ethnicity, n (%)

   

0.112

White

696 (74.36)

270 (77.36)

426 (72.57)

 

Black

103 (11.00)

29 (8.31)

74 (12.61)

 

Other

137 (14.64)

50 (14.33)

87 (14.82)

 

Infection site, n (%)

   

0.617

Blood

652 (69.66)

243 (69.63)

409 (69.68)

 

Urine

187 (19.98)

66 (18.91)

121 (20.61)

 

Other

97 (10.36)

40 (11.46)

57 (9.71)

 

LVEF, n (%)

   

0.556

≤ 40%

260 (27.78)

90 (25.79)

170 (28.96)

 

40–50%

78 (8.33)

31 (8.88)

47 (8.01)

 

≥ 50%

598 (63.89)

228 (65.33)

370 (63.03)

 

MAP (mm Hg)

77.30 ± 17.94

75.47 ± 17.38

78.39 ± 18.19

0.016

Laboratory test

    

White blood cell (109/L)

10.3 (7.1, 15.55)

11.2 (7, 16.7)

10.1 (7.2, 14.8)

0.046

Hemoglobin (g/dL)

11.46 ± 2.01

11.48 ± 2.04

11.45 ± 1.99

0.831

pH

7.36 ± 0.10

7.35 ± 0.11

7.37 ± 0.10

0.005

Serum potassium (mmol/L)

4.38 ± 0.87

4.38 ± 0.92

4.39 ± 0.85

0.867

Serum sodium (mmol/L)

137.77 ± 5.05

137.79 ± 5.58

137.76 ± 4.70

0.913

Serum bicarbonate (mmol/L)

24.35 ± 5.20

23.07 ± 5.10

25.11 ± 5.12

< 0.001

Serum chloride (mmol/L)

101.65 ± 6.29

102.56 ± 6.73

101.10 ± 5.95

< 0.001

Serum lactate (mmol/L)

1.9 (1.3, 2.8)

2.1 (1.4, 3.2)

1.8 (1.3, 2.5)

< 0.001

Serum creatinine (mg/dL)

1.3 (0.9, 2.1)

1.3 (0.9, 2.1)

1.3 (0.9, 2)

0.608

Troponin T (ng/mL)

0.04 (0.02, 0.11)

0.04 (0.02, 0.08)

0.04 (0.02, 0.12)

0.983

NT-proBNP (pg/mL)

5076 (1939, 12919.5)

5627 (2044, 11642)

4671 (1870, 13556)

0.439

Drug, n (%)

    

ACEI/ARB

112 (11.97)

13 (3.72)

99 (16.87)

< 0.001

Beta-blocker

387 (41.35)

117 (33.52)

270 (46.00)

< 0.001

Vasopressor

368 (39.32)

217 (62.18)

151 (25.72)

< 0.001

SOFA

5 (3, 8)

7 (4, 10)

5 (3, 7)

< 0.001

Comorbidities, n (%)

    

Coronary heart disease

437 (46.69)

140 (40.11)

297 (50.60)

0.002

Hypertension

484 (51.71)

181 (51.86)

303 (51.62)

0.942

COPD

71 (7.59)

13 (3.72)

58 (9.88)

0.001

CKD

336 (35.90)

112 (32.09)

224 (38.16)

0.061

Cirrhosis

70 (7.48)

31 (8.88)

39 (6.64)

0.208

Diabetes

443 (47.33)

133 (38.11)

310 (52.81)

< 0.001

Fluid balance status

    

Fluid intake (ml/kg/24 h)

61.14 (30.00, 109.78)

127.60 (97.41, 174.30)

36.36 (20.54, 56.19)

< 0.001

Fluid output (ml/kg/24 h)

21.81 (12.07, 37.70)

19.79 (11.11, 37.17)

23.31 (12.66, 38.17)

0.076

Fluid balance (ml/kg/24 h)

36.90 (5.09, 81.19)

98.28 (73.08, 142.88)

13.93 (-5.11, 32.33)

< 0.001

Clinical Outcomes

    

In-hospital mortality, n (%)

157 (16.77)

97 (27.79)

60 (10.22)

< 0.001

30-day mortality, n (%)

166 (17.74)

99 (28.37)

67 (11.41)

< 0.001

ICU LOS (days)

3.34 (1.93, 7.52)

4.85 (2.62, 9.08)

2.82 (1.82, 5.91)

< 0.001

Hospital LOS (days)

9.63 (5.77, 17.05)

11.35 (7.32, 21.11)

8.52 (4.97, 14.94)

< 0.001

  1. Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FB, fluid balance; ICU, intensive care unit; LOS, length of stay; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MAP, mean arterial pressure; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment
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BMC Anesthesiology

ISSN: 1471-2253

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