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Table 1 Patient's demographic characteristics, comorbidities, medications, and laboratory values on the first day of NIV

From: Breathing pattern, accessory respiratory muscles work, and gas exchange evaluation for prediction of NIV failure in moderate-to-severe COVID-19-associated ARDS after deterioration of respiratory failure outside ICU: the COVID-NIV observational study

 

Overall

(n = 80)

NIV success

(n = 23)

NIV failure

(n = 57)

p

Demographics

 Age, years

71.5 [62.0–80.0]

62.0 [58.0–71.0]

73.0 [66.5–81.5]

0.005

 Males, n (%)

54 (56.3)

12 (52.2)

33 (57.9)

0.412

 BMI, kg/m2

30.1 [26.9–33.5]

31.1 [26.9–35.3]

30.1 [27.0–33.2]

0.404

 Clinical Frailty Score, points

4 (3–4)

3 (3–4)

4 (4–4)

0.001

 Days from disease onset, days

14.0 [9.3–18.0]

11.0 [8.0–14.0]

15.0 [10.5–20.0]

0.005

 Days from hospital admission to ICU-NIV, days

6.0 [2.0–12.0]

4.0 [1.0–6.0]

8.5 [4.0–13.0]

0.007

 CPAP outside ICU before ICU-NIV, n (%)

24 (30.0)

2 (8.7)

22 (38.6)

0.008

 CPAP duration outside ICU before ICU-NIV, days

6.0 [3.3–11.0]

4.0 [3.0–4.0]

7.0 [3.8–11.5]

0.304

Comorbidities, n (%)

   

0.751

 Hypertension

61 (76.3)

18 (78.3)

43 (75.4)

 

 Diabetes Mellitus

28 (35.0)

7 (30.4)

21 (36.8)

 

 Ischemic heart disease

20 (25.0)

6 (30.4)

14 (24.6)

 

 Congestive heart failure

6 (7.5)

1 (4.3)

5 (8.8)

 

 Atrial fibrillation

14 (17.5)

3 (13.0)

11 (19.3)

 

 History of stroke

5 (6.3)

2 (8.7)

3 (5.3)

 

 Cerebrovascular disease

12 (15.0)

3 (13.0)

9 (15.8)

 

 History of Cancer

5 (8.8)

1 (4.3)

4 (7.0)

 

 History of MI

6 (7.5)

0 (0)

6 (10.5)

 

 ACE inhibitors or ARB, n (%)

63 (78.8)

18 (78.3)

45 (78.9)

0.873

 SOFA score

4 [3-4]

3 [2-4]

4 [3-4]

0.001

Lung CT

 Lung involvement, %

84.5 (74.0–90.0)

75.0 (70.0–86.0)

86.0 (76.5–91.5)

0.003

 Lung consolidation, %

6.0 (4.0–8.0)

4.0 (3.0–8.0)

7.0 (5.0–8.0)

0.072

Treatment, n (%)

 Dexamethasone 16 mg/day or methylprednisolone 1 mg/kg/day

80 (100.0)

23 (100.0)

57 (100.0)

1.000

 Enoxiparine 1 mg/kg/day

80 (100.0)

23 (100.0)

57 (100.0)

1.000

Anticytokine therapy

 Tocilizumab

67 (83.8)

19 (82.6)

45 (78.9)

0.356

 Olokizumab

13 (16.2)

4 (17.4)

12 (21.1)

Laboratory values

 WBC, 109/l

11.2 [6.8–14.1]

9.3 [5.8–13.9]

11.7 [8.4–14.8]

0.260

 Lymphocytes, 109/l

0.5 [0.3–0.7]

0.7 [0.5–0.8]

0.4 [0.2–0.7]

0.008

 D-dimer, mcg/ml

1281 [446–2147]

1070 [529–1910]

1367 [412–2593]

0.658

 Fibrinogen, g/l

5.2 [3.8–7.7]

5.1 [3.5–7.0]

5.6 [4.2–7.9]

0.483

 Creatinine, mcg/l

85.8 [72.7–104.5]

75.3 [68.8–89.0]

92.2 [80.4–112.1]

0.002

 LDH, U/l

1082 [780–1537]

819 [703–1310]

1207 [875–1597]

0.116

 CRP, mg/l

37.0 [12.1–92.4]

32.2 [12.3–135.7]

42.0 [11.9–92.4]

0.807

  1. Data presented as medians [interquartile range] or n (%) where appropriate. Differences between groups Mann–Whitney U-test, Chi-square or Fisher exact test where appropriate
  2. Lung involvement is defined as the proportion of the lung infiltrates including ground-glass opacities, crazy paving, and consolidation on high-resolution CT scan to whole lung volume. Lung consolidation is defined as the proportion of the lung consolidation volume to lung infiltrates volume
  3. We used medications included in «Prophylaxis, Diagnostics, and Treatment of patients with COVID-19. Temporary Clinical Guideline» issued by the Russian Ministry of Health for that time (versions 5–9)
  4. Abbreviations: BMI Body mass index, ICU Intensive care unit, NIV Noninvasive ventilation, CPAP Continuous positive airway pressure, COPD Chronic obstructive lung disease, MI Myocardial infarction, ACE Angiotensin-converting enzyme, ARB Angiotensin-receptor blocker, SOFA Sequential organ failure assessment, CT Computed tomography, WBC White blood cells, LDH Lactate dehydrogenase, CRP C-reactive protein
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BMC Anesthesiology

ISSN: 1471-2253

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