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Table 1 Patient demographic and surgical characteristics and clinical outcomes

From: Erector spinae plane block versus its combination with superficial parasternal intercostal plane block for postoperative pain after cardiac surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study

 

Group ESP (n = 24)

Group ESP + S-PIP (n = 23)

p value

Sex, female/male, n (%)

7 (30) / 17 (70)

9 (39.1) / 14 (60.9)

0.680

Age, years

58.13 ± 11.79 (53.15—63.1)

57.48 ± 10.96 (52.74—62.22)

0.847

BMI, kg/m2

27.86 ± 4.48 (25.97—29.75)

28.37 ± 5.18 (26.13—30.61)

0.719

ASA (II/ III), n (%)

5 (20.8) / 19 (79.2)

6 (26.1) / 17 (73.9)

0.671

Comorbidities, n (%)

  None

3 (12.5)

3 (13)

 

  Cardiovascular systema

9 (37.5)

5 (15.2)

 

  Endocrine systemb

2 (8.3)

3 (13)

 

  Respiratory systemc

0 (0)

1 (4.3)

0.650

  > 1 more system

10 (41.7)

10 (43.5)

 

  Other

0 (0)

1 (4.3)

 

Surgery type, n (%)

  CABG

15 (62.5)

12 (52.2)

 

  AVR

2 (8.3)

6 (26.1)

 

  MVR

2 (8.3)

1 (4.3)

 

  ASD

1 (4.2)

1 (4.3)

0.431

  CABG + MVR

2 (8.3)

0 (0)

 

  CABG + AVR

2 (8.3)

1 (4.3)

 

  Atrial myxoma

0 (0)

1 (4.3)

 

  Ventricular thrombus

0 (0)

1 (4.3)

 

  Ejection fraction %

60 (46.5—60)

55 (50—60)

0.878

  Sternal retraction distance (cm)

13 (12—13)

13 (13—14)

0.051

  Duration of surgery (min)

270 (250—300)

255 (230—270)

0.071

  Bypass time (min)

128.5 ± 35.1 (113.7—143.4)

108.22 ± 30.30 (95.12—121.32)

0.039

  Cross-clamp time (min)

81.5 (56—102.5)

67 (56—80)

0.250

  Extubation time (min)

225.9 ± 81.3 (191.6—260.3)

250.6 ± 67.6 (221.4—279.9)

0.265

  ICU discharge time (h)

50 (25.5—98)

48 (24—72)

0.254

  Hospital LOS time (h)

163 (145—240)

168 (144—192)

0.429

  Intraoperative fentanyl consumption (μg/kg/min)

0.05 (0.04—0.06)

0.04 (0.03—0.05)

0.045

  Morphine consumption first 24 h (mg)

18.63 ± 6.60 (15.84—21.41)

14.41 ± 5.38 (12.08—16.74)

0.021

  Patients given rescue analgesic in first 24 h, n (%)

21 (87.5)

7 (30.4)

 < 0.001

  1. Continuous variables are presented as median (interquartile range) or mean ± standard deviation and categorical variables are presented as counts (percentages). Statistically significant difference is highlighted in bold
  2. Abbreviations:ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists, ASD atrial septal defect, AVR aortic valve replacement, BMI body mass index, CABG coronary artery bypass grafting, ESP erector spinae plane, ICU intensive care unit, LOS length of stay time, MVR mitral valve replacement, S-PIP superficial parasternal intercostal plane
  3. aHypertension
  4. bType 2 diabetes, goiter
  5. cAsthma
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BMC Anesthesiology

ISSN: 1471-2253

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